Research and Statistics

surmise A guess is a formal doubtful statement of the expected relativeship mingled with ii or much variables under study. Definition A surmisal is an assumption statement around the affinity between two or more variables that suggest an termination to the interrogation question. OR Good & Hatt define hypothesis as acute guess or inference that is formulated and provisionally adopted to formulate observed facts or conditions and to guide in further investigation. Importance ? surmise enables the exploreer to objectively investigate new areas of discovery. Hypothesis provides objectivity to the inquiry activity. ? It in addition provides heraldic bearing to conduct research such as shaping the sources and relevance of data. ? Hypothesis provides clear and specific goals to the researchers. ? Hypothesis provide contact lens between theories and actual practical research. ? It provides a bridge between conjecture and reality. ? A hypothesis suggests which type of re search is likely to be intimately appropriate. ? As it is tentative statement of anticipated results. ? It stimulating the thinking execute of researcher as the researcher forms the hypothesis by anticipating outcome. It also determines the most appropriate research designs and techniques of data analysis. ? Hypothesis provides understanding to the researchers about what to pretermit from the results of the research study. ? It serves as a framework for drawing conclusions of a research study. ? Without hypothesis, research would be like aimless wandering. Characteristics of a peachy hypothesis The main characteristics of a good hypothesis as follows ? Conceptual pellucidness Hypothesis should consist of clearly defined and understandable concepts. Hypothesis slew be stated in declarative statement, in present tense. experimental referents A good hypothesis must have empirical background from the area of enquiry. ? Objectivity Hypothesis must be objective, which facilitate o bjectivity in data collection. ? Specificity It should be specific, non general, and should explain the expected relation between variables. ? Relevant The hypothesis should be relevant to the caper macrocosm studied as well as the objectives of the study. ? Testability Hypothesis should be testable and should not be a moral judgement. ? Consistency A hypothesis should be consistent with an existing body of theories, research findings, and other hypothesis. Simplicity A hypothesis should be formulated in simple and understandable terms. ? availableness of techniques The researcher must make sure that methods are available for scrutiny their proposed hypothesis. ? Purposiveness The researcher must formulate only purposeful hypothesis. ? Verifiability A good hypothesis can be actually verified in practical terms. ? Profundity of lay out A good research should have underlying effect upon a variety of research variables. ? Economical The expenditure of coin and the time can be co ntrolled if the hypothesis underlying the research undertaken is good. Sources of hypothesisHypothesis in research study cannot developed merely with wild guesses or assumptions , solely they are generated from variety if sources such as theoretical or abstract Frameworks, previous research findings,real life experiences and academic books. ? Theoretical or conceptual frameworks the most important sources of hypothesis are theoretical or conceptual framework developed for the study. Through a deductive approach these hypothesis are drawn from theoretical and conceptual framework for testing them. ? previous(prenominal) research findings of the previous research studies may be used for systema skeletale the hypothesis for another study. real life experiences real life experiences also contribute in the planning of hypothesis for research studies. ? Academic literature it is based on formal theories, empirical evidences, experiences, observation and conceptualization of academic ians. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS Simple an complex hypothesis Simple It is a statement which reflects the relationship between two variables Complex It is a statement which reflects the relationship between more than two variables. Associative and causal hypothesis Associative It reflects the relationship between variables that occur or exists in natural settings without manipulation.Causal it predicts the cause and effect relationship between two or more dependent and autarkical variables in experimental or interventional. guiding and non bursteral hypothesis Directional hypothesis It specifies not only the globe, but also the expected direction of the relationship between variables. Non directional hypothesis It reflects the relationship between two or more variables, but it does not specify the anticipated direction and nature of relationship such as positive or negative.Null and research hypothesis Null hypothesis (H0)It is also known as statistical hypothesis and is used for statis tical testing and interpretations of statistical outcome. Research hypothesis(H1) It states the existence of relationship between two or more variables. Conclusion The formulation of hypothesis plays an important part in the growth of knowledge in every science. Hypothesis converts the question posed by the research problem into a declarative statement that predicts an expected outcome. Bibliography pic