'How Economic Development In A Country Affects Planning And Management In Urban Areas\r'

'With theatrical role to examples, discuss the degree to which the level od scotch schooling in country affects cooking and worry in urban atomic number 18as. The type of urban problems that postulate c beful planning and care are for the most part decided by the economic wealth of a countryside. LEDC countries select problems with rapid urbanisation into the cities. However, on the other hand the problems that MEDC countries face include; suburbanisation, counter urbanisation. urbanization is the process in which citizenry discover to the city and start to put forward a home there.This is in the principal(prenominal) happening in LEDC countries due to the lack of turn tail in the countryside. People flood to the cities to try and come on employment. Suburbanisation is the way that battalion plump push through from the profound business regularise and turn up into the rural urban fringe, this mainly occurred in MEDC countries after industrialization; mi nt had got more spare specie and transport allowed them to move out from the centre of the city to the great(p) houses in the suburbs. Finally, counter urbanisation is the move that people make completely away from the city and into the rural landscape.Happening principally in the richer countries where people aspire to be away from the stress of the city when they are not maneuvers and move into the countryside. Each of these processes down their testify problems that contend the careful management mentioned above. Urbanisation outhouse set about a bundle of problems. When there are such(prenominal) a large number of people paltry into the city there are not replete houses to accommodate them all. In many cases the pull cistron towards the city is the prospect of model and this is not unendingly possible.The situation that then occurs it that you befuddle a haulage of people locomote to the city without any work or lodgement; so, they simply build their own che ap homes on the side of the main city called a slum area. These slums can prevent easy purposeless(prenominal) in and out of the city; scarcely, not barely this be trend way that the houses are built there are no proper facilities for the people in the slum. infirmity is often a consequence of poor sanitisation and crime can pervade in these areas because of the high up unemployment and lack of money. It is for the benefit for every(prenominal)one that these slums are redeveloped into proper housing and sanitation.A example of how urban area need to be managed. Rocinha is the largest favela in Brazil, and is located in Rio de Janeiros South regulate between the districts of Sao Conrado and Gavea. Rocinha is built on a suck hillside overlooking Rio de Janeiro, and is located about one klick from a nearby beach. Most of the favela is on a very steep hill, with many trees surrounding it. 69,161 people live in Rocinha. The authorities in Rio de Janeiro have taken a number of steps to slim down problems in favelas.They have set up self-help schemes; this is when the topical anaesthetic anesthetic authority provide local residents with the materials needs to ready permanent accommodation. This includes breeze blocks and cement. The Local residents provide the labour. The money saved can be spent on providing staple amenities such as electricity and irrigate. Today, almost all the houses in Rocinha are make from concrete and brick. Some buildings are three and quad stories tall and almost all houses have basic sanitation, plumbing, and electricity. Compared to simple shanty towns or slums, Rocinha has a transgress developed infrastructure.The favela besides has a cable car to promote easy movement around the favela and into the main city. This was a government lean initiative. This is not the exactly one way that slums can be redeveloped. establishment lead slum clearance is where land is bought downstairs the residents and redeveloped into better accommodation. The other option is for the people of the slum redeveloping their own house individually making the substantial area look better. The decision for which of these management options is the shell is something that is decided at government level.Slums that are in a extremely bad situation are likely to be tackled with slum clearance as it is the quickest method. Conversely, in MEDC countries slums are not such a problem because urbanisation happened many eld ago after industrialisation and the country has moved on economically. The problem here is suburbanisation. The people who can move away from the central business district because it is loud and polluted but it left the fatal people who could not afford to move out in the CBD. This can lead to a enunciate of urban decline.If there is a high pct of council owned buildings the resident feel like they do not need to look after the milieu because it is not their problem, graffiti and littering is a result of not caring. The situation from here can just prepare worse and worse and crime rates goes up and empty buildings are left unuse. This process is not something that just occurs with the residents of an area, if all the people move out to the suburbs of a district the shops and facilities will either go out of business or the will presently follow into the suburbs.This does not help the process of urban decline as it means that more local people are made unemployed. A advantageously example of where this has happened is the development of Mary hill shop park in the west Midlands. Mary pitcher has had to face the complaints of the businesses in the local centres of Solihull and Birmingham. Business have had to drive down prices to be competitive with the obtain centre with is not good for the economics of the area. watchfulness of urban decline can be tackled in three ways. Property lead redevelopment, partnership schemes and gentrification.Property lead redevelopment is when th e government decide to redevelop a area a invest large add up of money are on a large scale. A good example of where this has helped to bring a urban area out of decline is in Cardiff. Cardiff bay was a declining area when the loss of manufacturing in the 1970s left a lot of people in unemployment and poverty. 3000 new homes were created, 1200 new jobs were created on with a new glass factory and water front. The area now has 2. 1 million visitors a year. Partnership schemes help the community rebuild a declining area such as in Hulme in Manchester.City challenge and the local people worked together to redevelop the area. The government provided ?37. 5 million for this to happen. For some people being on the edge of the city is hushed too much stress and decide to move completely away to the rural villages that surround great cities. This process of counter urbanisation can cause problems of their own. Rural villages are in danger of change state places that people go to sleep . People still work in the cities and commute from their rural location every day. The local shops are no thirster used because the supermarkets on the way out of the city from are not lone(prenominal) more convenient but cheaper.The community feeling if the village is lost and the source that people thought they were moving to the countryside for is no longer valid. Again this forces the closer of shops and local facilities. These places can also fall into a state of decline To conclude. economic development and urban management and planning are directly linked. On the surface it seems like MEDC counties have more problems to deal with (sub urbanisation and counter urbanisation) whereas LEDC countries only have the problem of urbanisation.However, I believe that urbanisation is greater problem that requires more careful management than other problems may require. Furthermore, the level of economic development within a country may do the ability of the country to manage these u rban issues; the planning a management strategies adopted in a country will be affected by this. In poorer countries emphasis may be laid on self-help schemes or partnerships scheme that require less money from the government. On the other hand, richer governments may lead to head redevelopment projects themselves\r\n'