White Collar And Its Impact On The Society Criminology Essay

White Collar And Its Impact On The knownity Criminology EssaySutherland defined sportsman homogeneous collar shame as a crime committed by a person of respectability and risque neighborly status in the course of his or her occupation (Benson, 2009). fit to Siegel (2012), this definition and the subsequent works of Sutherland constitute great milestone in the history of criminology. However, he notes inadequacies in this scope since it focuses on corporate sin with emphasis on the rich and powerful members of the society. As much(prenominal), definition of white collar crimes has suffern a much broader perspective of the society to hold corporate titans and middle-income Ameri hind ends. Today, white collar crimes allow credit card lampoon, unsuccessful person o credit mockerys among others.Forms of white collar crimes pink-collar Client humbugCommon white-collar frauds take Credit card fraud, bank fraud, wellness disquiet fraud and levy evasion. Credit card fraud involves each unauthorized use of a credit card to purchase trade in or work. There argon several focusings a execrable can go about committing this crime. The thief can do it the demode way and pick someones pocket. Before the victim realizes his wallet is gone, the thief can buy thousands of dollars worth of merchandise number by sending a fake e-mail asking for it. Some thieves even go by dint of garbage face uping for carbon copies of credit card transactions, just to appropriate the number (Benson, 2009). Finally, a criminal could commit credit card fraud by obtaining a real credit card through incorrect pretenses.The law allows those who are hopelessly in debt to be relieved of that debt by declaring bankruptcy, that is, an official promise not to borrow any more than funds for a set period of time. White-collar criminals can exploit these laws to take on out of stipendiary debts, and then change their identity so that sunrise(prenominal) gives can be secured. harmonise to Siegel (2009), bank fraud may acknowledge cheque forgery, check kitting, sale of stolen cheques, presentation of dark statements on loan application and unauthorized use of ATMs. In the U.S, bank fraud attracts a penalty of $1 million fine or imprisonment of up to 30 years (Benson, 2009).Health care fraud occurs when people take advantage of health care providers, health indemnity companies, or political science health care programs, much(prenominal) as Medicaid and Medicare, to wrongfully gain money. The number-one persona of health care fraud involves accusation patterns. Doctors will per imprint a small task for a patient, such as treat them for a cold, but will bill the insurance company for some-thing more serious, such as setting a broken leg. In some purportion fraud cases, every bill sent from the fraudulent doctors office to an insurance company was exaggerated in some way. Other types of health care fraud embroil kickbacks la sum of money paid ill -gottenly in exchange for favors), billing a premium rate for services per mixtureed by a person less qualified than the billing doctor, and billing for unnecessary equipment (Friedrich, 2010).Law enforcement has found significant health care fraud going on at all types of health care facilities hospitals, doctors offices, ambulance services, laboratories, dose stores, medical equipment suppliers, and nursing homes. These frauds lead to misappropriate of establishment revenue resources and is presumable to compromise health c everyplace programs (Benson, 2009). Low income earners stand to suffer more in the event of collapse of such medical covers. The government activity may be forced to increase taxes to sustain the inflated health budgets this subjects a heavier tax burden to the public.Tax evasion is also another habitus of white collar client fraud in which errant taxpayers evades paying part or sum of taxes on the money earned. In this crime, the direct victim is the gove rnment while the common public is the indirect victim. harmonise to Benson (2009), tax evasion is a challenging issue for criminological studies since more U.S citizens and organizations report cooked books of account. Unfortunately, it is difficult to draw a line between method of accounting errors and tax evasion strategies. It is important to note that taxes collected by the government are used to finance public projects including education, health and infrastructure among others. Therefore, tax evasion has a long term impact on the general public as the government fails to collect enough or budgeted revenues to finance such projects.White-Collar Influence PeddlingIn this type of crime, individuals belongings influential institutional positions sell their influence to outsiders who have interest in development about the institution or influencing the activities of the organization. offensives in this category involve organizational or government employees taking bribes fr om contractors in order to divide them contracts they could have otherwise won on be. much(prenominal) practices compromise the lumber of service delivered since in most cases, candidates unlikely to secure contracts on merit are awarded contracts. It is also compromises the ethical process of procurement in institutions (Benson, 2009).White-Collar ChiselingWhite-Collar chiseling involves deceit or deception by organizations or people. Chiseling schemes usually involve overcharging or billing for items never received by customers. For pillowcase a garage billing a customer for auto repairs that were never per bring ined or required. It can also entail substituting cheap sign levelheadeds for expensive brands or altering product measurements with a motive of depriving customers. tally to White (2008), chiseling schemes deny customers fair intercession by bending laws of familiar and reasonable business practice. For subject Robert Courtney, a Kansas City pharmacist interc hange diluted mixtures of cancer medication commonly used in treatment of AIDS related diseases, lung, pancreatic, advanced ovarian and breast cancers. His criminal activities had pertain 98,000 prescriptions and harmed over 4,200 patients (Siegel, 2012). It is worrying that some individuals in very sensitive professions like Mr. Courtney can willfully sacrifice lives of patients for personal gains. incorporated CrimeCorporate crime is a form of white-collar crime in which enlargedr-than- liveliness and influential organizations or their agents knowingly breach the laws that require them to do social good or restrain them from doing social harm. Siegel (2012) defines corporate crime as all those injurious acts committed by people in turn back of large companies to further their business interests. In this case, the perpetrator of the crime is a legal entity the corporation, and as such, the law does not lift the corporate humeral veil to hold its agents liable. Examples of cri mes in this category include false claim advertising, unreal pricing, vicious restraint of trade and worker safety violation.In false claim advertising, firms reveal reliable appealing or unique information about their products or services with the purpose of luring customers in to buying them. Such firms may not reveal spartan information about their products. In long run, the folly nature of consumers may lead to harm such as product side effects and death among others. In illegal restraint of trade, firms are involved in conspiracy with the purpose of quelling competition by creating monopolies or maintaining their set prices. In deceptive pricing, corporations hap misleading information to authority buyers. Collectively, these malpractices enable such corporations to deprive large sums of money from the public (Siegel, 2012).Worker safety violation involves organizations poor or unsafe working conditions which are likely to harm employees. According to Benson (2009), it h as been estimated that over 20 million people in the world are soon exposed to hazardous materials or work situations. Accordingly, averages of 4 million workers are injured and 4000 die on the job each year. Occupational refuge and Health Administration (OSHA) has played a central position in controlling workers safety by setting standards for use of dangerous chemical substances such as lead, coke, benzene and arsenic among others. Violation of these standards amounts to criminal acts.White-collar swindlesThis form of crimes involves an individual (purportedly a criminal) using his or her ongoing business or institutional position to fraudulently trick other parties out of their property or money. Typical crimes in this category involve investment frauds in which some corporations engage in unethical investment practices to fraud the investors. For manikin in the 1929 economic depression, allegedly caused by overpricing of inventoryings, led to collapse of the U.S stock market . Some days before the collapse of the stock market, top investor hide the information and sold off their holdings. The collapse left masses of the American population in extreme poverty. Other investment schemes which affected economies include the Ponzi scheme, pyramid scheme and the Prime bank scheme among others (Siegel, 2012).Green Crime and its Impact on the Society and EnvironmentAccording to Siegel (2012), definition of potassium crime can be approached from three perspectives including legalistic, environmental justice and Bio-centric. From the legalistic perspective, environmental crimes entail all those activities that violate existing criminal laws designed to harbor the environment and/or people. This stretches to include occupational health and safety, and environmental vigilance crimes (Siegel, 2012). According to environmental justice perspective, some organizational or government activities may have a very great impact on the environment, yet such institutions m ay have substantial powers to manipulate environmental laws. Therefore, this approach advocates for a broader learn of green crimes and not only the laws. Bio-centric view perceives environmental crime as any mankind activity that has the potential to disrupt a bio-system and /or destroy animal and plant emotional state (Siegel, 2012). This is a more thorough approach since it would criminalize any human activity whether as a result of negligent or intentional or manipulation that is likely to cause harm on the earths inborn resources.Forms of Green Crime and their Impact abominable loggingThis crime involves harvesting, process and transporting wood products or timber in violation of existing treaties and laws. According to Siegel (2012), it is a universal activity in timber producing countries where law enforcement is on the loose(p) especially 3rd world countries. Violations in this category include evading exportation duties payable on transportation of logs, ignoring legal ly constituted logging quotas, touch logs without licenses and explored legally restricted forest quotas like national parks among others. These illegal logging practices generate huge profits than legally prescribed essence (Cohen, 2002).According to Siegel (2012), illegal logging has a severe impact on the environment and the society. It destroys forests, which are habitats for wildlife and thus makes some animal and plant species extinct. For example in central Africa, illegal logging has destroyed wildlife habitat and menace wildlife including chimpanzees and Great apes. Destruction of forests leaves the surface bare. This condition is likely to result in landslides and flash floods which have in the past killed and displaced thousands of people around the worlds. deforestation reduces the absorption rate of carbon emissions, thus significantly contributing to orbicular warming.Illegal wildlife ExportsThis involves illicit movement of wildlife commodities and contrabands a cross national boundaries for trade purposes. Wildlife commodities include elephant ivory, rhino horns, tiger parts, exotic reptiles and birds and tiger parts among others. Wildlife contrabands include cultural artifacts, hunting trophies, traditional medicines, live pets and wild meat among others. Poaching endangers certain animal species and threatens their extinction. Illegal wildlife exports also present a risk of bedcover pests and diseases to unaffected places. Non-native species can harm the receiving habitats. For instance in Florida, non-native species imported as pets such as Pythons were abandoned in the wild and as a result, this specie has overrun its own Everglades (Gupta, 2012).In the US, the Endangered Species coiffure of 1973 and the Lacey Act are some of the laws that the congress passed to protect plant and animal life. These laws naturalised criminal and civil penalties for violation involving illegal export of wildlife. The laws also established guidelines and authorities for wildlife trade inspection at entry ports (Cohen, 2002).Illegal searchUnlicensed and illegal seeking practices are also another form of lucrative green crime. Illegal fishing may take the form of huge factory ships operating on seas, catching thousands of tons of fish or local anaestheticly channelised ships confined on national waters (Siegel, 2012). This crime occurs when such ships sign on their domestic rules but proceed to operate beyond the stipulated boundaries and scope, or operate without a permit in a countrys water. Illegal fishing evades regulatory bodies and consequently, it becomes difficult for a government to monitor consumption of certain species of fishes. Lack of required equipments such standard nets, and feeler prohibited zones can damage an ecosystem. Therefore, this practices places some species at risk of extinction.Illegal dumpingIllegal dumping involves violation of federal, state or local restrictions on dumping hazardous material in the environment. These green-collar criminals dispose of dangerous wastes in illegal dump sites because they want to avoid disposal fees. Dumped materials may include construction site wastes, used motor, oil, used machinery and e-waste among others. According to Cohen (2002), chemical compounds contain in some of these wastes attracts higher disposal fees and therefore criminals look for alternative ways of disposals. Many organizations have found a way to dispose of such stocks by dumping them in developing countries for recycling. inwardly relatively shorter durations, such stocks become unusable and are dumped carelessly on the environment. The chemical compounds contained in these wastes such as lead and mercury, are super dangerous to human. Generally, such wastes degrade the environment and affect agriculture.Illegal pollutionIllegal contamination of the environment involves negligent or intentional brighten of contaminated or toxic substances likely to affect the life or natural environment adversely, into a bio-system. Common dangerous chemical compounds include mercury, asbestos, Kepone, aerosols, vinyl chloride, hydro-chlorofluorocarbons, methane, nitrogen oxide refrigerants and chlorofluorocarbons among others. Water pollutants degrade the quality of water, making it inconsumable by human and animals or to affects plant life. The Gulf of Mexico and the Exxon Valdez oil disasters are good examples of illegal pollutions that greatly affected ecosystems. Hundredths of thousands of sea animals were killed besides impairing plant life (Gupta, 2012). Exposure of the aforementioned chemical compounds into the environment collectively contribute to the ozone hassle and subsequent world(prenominal) warming which have had an impact on global weather patterns and further threatened human and plant life.

Tobacco Industry: Demand And Supply

Tobacco Industry subscribe to And SupplyThe side by side(p) essay helps us do what hire and append concept and that we atomic issuance 18 explaining with the example of cigargontte patience. And we pay off in like manner mentioned the federal agents affecting the petition and emerge for cigargonttes in the mart. The essay also includes the income incumbrance, impact of close substitutes and compliments, and also the expense and income cinch of the overlap of the industry. A derriere is a growth consumed by dint of dope and manufactured out of cured and finely cut baccy leaves and reconstituted tobacco, often combined with an early(a)(prenominal) additives,1 thus rolled or stuffed into a paper-wrapped cylinder (gener eachy equal to 100 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter). Rates of derriere vary widely. temporary hookup pass judgment of gage sacrifice leveled off or declined in the developed nations, they hide to rise in developing nations. queers atomic number 18 the most frequent opening of fires in private homes and the European Union leave behinding to ban rears that are non fire-safe by 2011.Fixing the outlay of a product is a rattling important factor for an organisation and the product success. Organizations look at the effective adopt ( contend) and effective bring out ( fork out) of a product to garment the best footing to devolve the maximum revenue for the organisation. If the harm of the product affixs or decrease then it jakes affect the regard of the product. As the impairment of a good rises less(prenominal) will be demanded, and if the impairment falls a great deal than will be demanded (Philp Galt, 2009, Lecture Notes, p 2). The maturation or decrease in equipment casualty arsehole happen pay adequate to(p) to the apiece external or internal or some(prenominal) environss of the organisation.The study(ip) companies that are the major share holders of the UK merchandise are1. Gallaher Group Ltd with the 37.90% of the market share.2. Imperial Tobacco Ltd with the 35.40% of the market share.3. Rothmans Ltd with the 18.20% of the market share.The former(a) have the market share of 3.80% and the private label are of 4.70% holds the market share respectively.(Data monitors, 2005)Demand of a product or service washbasin be delineate as the come in of a circumstance sparing good or service that a consumer or group of consumers will want to bargain for at a given determine over a particular(prenominal) period of time. The demand is usually downward sloping, since consumers will want to subvert more as the price decreases. Demand for a good or service is determined by different factors other than price, much(prenominal) as the price of substitute goods and complementary goods. In extreme cases, demand whitethorn be completely un relate to price, or nearly infinite at a given price (in the case of the tobacco industry) (Beardshaw, 1991). fit to Philp, Dan and Ga lt (2009) it could be deduced that demand relative to the tobacco industry is caused by a figure of aspects in which the key driver is the price of the cigarettes. As a result, for a cigarette (t) the measuring stick demanded (QtD) represents a expire of its price (pt), individual client (n) income levels (Y1 Yn), other forms of substitutes like electronic cigarettes and herbal cigarettes (r1rt-1) and other external factors (E) such as labour, raw material. Then, demand within the tobacco industry burn be represented asQtD = f (pt, Y1 Yn, r1rt-1, E)Being consistent with this, prestigious demand in political economy (tobacco industry) would be hard to take care the measuring demanded due to the deem of determinants required to make-up the cigarette packets price and standard, thereof, it is assumed that all factors are held constant and the market ( total demanded) is analysed as a function of packet price. So the quantity demandedQtD = f (pt, Y1 Yn, r1rt-1, E)Graphically illustrated will beFollowing the above figure, managers would be able to depict that the higher(prenominal) the price of the cigarette packets in the industry, the lower the demand for it. Consequently prices will have to move from p0 to p1 in order to increase demand from q0 to q1.Consider both extreme cases. Suppose the price of all cigarettes rises by 1 per cent. The quantity of cigarettes demanded will not affect that much. People who can easily check smoking have already make so. In contrast, suppose the price of a particular brand of cigarettes rises by 1 per cent, all other brand prices persist ining un neuterd. We expect a much biggishr quantity response. Consumers switch from the dearer brand to other brands that also satisfy the nicotine habit. For a particular cigarette brand the demand elasticity is quite high.From the above figure it can be noted that the same $1 tax has a much larger impact on quantity when demand is more elastic than when it is inflexible. Elast icity is the reactivity of one variable (e.g. demand) to a kind in another (e.g. price). This concept is fundamental to understanding how market works. The more elastic variable is, the more responsive the market to changing fortune (Sloman, 2005).The law of demand states that a fall in the price of a good climbs the quantity demanded. The price elasticity of demand measures how much the quantity demanded replys to a castrate in price.(Mankiw, 1998)Cigarette inhalation is totally fix to be negatively related to price. As far the result of the test, surveys and the studies done before, there result says that increase in price on cigarettes are not that much affected on the demand of it. Many economists viewed that cigarette smoking is illogical and therefore not suitable for usual economic analysis. They believe that demand for cigarettes does not follow the basic law of economics including the downward-sloping demand curve.Findings on how demand for cigarettes switchs as co nsumers income increases is inconsistent. From a number of studies it found that income has either negative effect or insignificant effect on the demand of cigarettes. As far as the regimen and other health concern trust are trying to stop smoking in public place and in the private work sites because it is very harmful for other who is non smoker and it is not environmental friendly (Bradford, 2003, Vol 9). establishment at all levels are adopting the policies to limit smoking. Government also censor that it the customer should be above a legal age to buy the cigarettes. World health organisation survey of smoking control policies in lot of countries indicated that the mostly all the countries have adopted policies to limit smoking in public places. Although the restrictions are primarily intended to cut down non-smokers, they can also affect the smokers since the restrictions reduce the smokers opportunities to smoke or otherwise raise the cost of smoking (Reuijl Leeflang, 1985 , Vol 49). Cigarettes was the one of the most advertised and promoted product in the world. only when if due to some controversial issues many countries restrict it. While some other countries have few restrictions, others ban advertising and advancement completely.Due to the restriction on the advertising and the promotion the demand of the cigarette industry was affected. A lot of new opportunities of the new organization to count on are hard. And the new customers or consumers are decreased. And due to this there is less increase in the quantity of the young generation.Cigarettes are been long been taxed by the government and due to this there is rise in the price in some countries. Taxes are varying from country to country and the price also. The nonresilient demand off the product makes good revenue for the government. But in recent taxation has been applied to cigarettes are in order to health. Cigarette taxes in some countries such as the United States have been enforce by various levels of government, national, state and local level. Governments in nearly all country impose taxes on cigarettes and other tobacco products.One of the major factors that affect the demand for any product is due to the substitutes. The more substitutes, the more elastic the demand will be. For example, if the price of petrol went up by 0.25, consumers could replace public transport. This means that petrol is an elastic good because a raise in price will cause a large decrease in demand as consumers start travelling by the public transport more from private transport. The rise of the fuel price can affect the automobile industry. This factor is also lie withn as the invisible hand (Adam Smith Cited in Mishan, 1993, p 91) which is affected from the renewal of the other product or substitutes which affects the main product demand in the market. For the tobacco industry the invisible hand factor is not that much affected further the competition in the market within the industry is high.If the price of inebriant goes up as a whole, there will be probably a little change in the exercise of beer and other products because there are only few substitutes for alcohol. Most mess are not willing to give up their enjoyment at any cost and even the alcohol is used in some(prenominal) medicines also so no matter what the price is the consumption of alcohol will be not affected by the substitutes. Therefore, we would say, that alcohol is an dead product because of its lack of substitutes. So we can say that a product is elastic in the industry but the complete industry tends to be nonresilient.This is the second factor that effects the demand elasticity and it refers the total amount of a person that can be pass away on a particular product or good. Like, if the price of a chocolate goes up from 1 to 2 and income of the customer remains the same, the amount that is in stock(predicate) to spend on chocolate is for e.g. 4, is now enough for only 2 soone r than 4 chocolates. In other words, the customer is forced to reduce the demand of chocolate. Thus if there is an increase in price and no change in the amount of income ready(prenominal) to spend on the product then there will be an elastic reaction in demand. But in cigarette industry it is not that much affected because of the dependance of the consumer.Time is the third factor which influences the demand elasticity. If the price of packet of cigarette goes up 1, a smoker with a very few available substitutes will continue buying the daily cigarettes. It means that cigarettes have nonresilient demand because the changes in price will not have a great influence on the quantity demanded. But if the customer or consumer finds that they are not capable or cannot afford to spend the change magnitude amount then they will definitely try to quit it but in a long run. Then for that customer price elasticity of cigarettes becomes elastic in the long run.If quantity demanded is comple tely unaffected by a price change, thenIf the absolute value of the elasticity of demand is less than 1 at some point, we say that demand is inelastic at that point (Varian, 2006, P 282). You would say that demand is perfectly inelastic at that price, to reflect the fact that quantity demanded is completely unresponsive to a change in price. On a graph with price on the y-axis, perfectly inelastic demand appears as a vertical demand curve. Its slope is negative infinity, which leads to Ed = 0.Looking at the graph above, we can see that a 5 percent increase in price causes no change in quantity demanded. Therefore, Ed = 0 and demand is perfectly inelastic for the tobacco industry. Hence, manager of a cigarette union within the industry should not worry about the taxation from the government or increase in price due to the external environment due to the inelastic demand for the tobacco industry.(Source by Begg Ward, 2007)The variation in consumer demand for cigarettes with respect to income is ambiguous from a theoretical stand point. Cigarettes consumption could be a normal good for which the level of consumers demand increases with income. Alternatively, it could also be a lower good for which the consumer demand drops with income levels. In either case, the presence of such behavior gives us no guidance whatever with respect to the extent to which these decisions are rational.Similarly the other major factor which can be affected by the price of the cigarettes is tack on. Supply for a product or a service can be specify as the quantity of a good, seller wishes to sell at each possible price. Supply of a good refers to various quantities of good which a seller is willing and able to sell at different prices in a given market, at a particular point of time, other things remaining the same. An aspect of supply which needs attention is that supply is related to scarcity. It is only the scarce good which has a supply price. On the contrary, goods which are a vailable freely have no supply price, e.g. Air is available freely and hence, does not have a supply price (Begg et al, 2005).According to Philp, Dan and Galt (2009) supply relative to the tobacco industry is reflective of the number of competitors (m) reach the price of providing cigarettes packets as a function of the level of technology (T) determines the price (pt), cost of resources, for example, labour, taxations, substitutes, and quality within the manufacture process (F1, F2 Fm) and other flower (w) i.e. cost of machines and salaries of work force, all add up to become determinants of the number of cigarettes packets to be supplied at each given price. It is represented asQtS = T (pt, F1, F2 Fm, w)Identical to economics in demand, in the analysis of supply all factors are held constant and quantity is seen as a function of priceQtS = T (pt, F1, F2 Fm, w)Graphically illustrated asFrom the above figure managers can know that a investing in manufacturing the product needs a certain(prenominal) level of supply to overcome from they break even point, therefore higher the investment in price the more the supply. Hence cigarette manufacturing companies continue different brands for the taste e.g. long cigarettes, strong and light cigarettes. Consequently, the managers will vigour for a higher supply in p1 to maximize profit.If there is plenteousness of spare capacity of Cigarettes then a business should be able to increase its output without a rise in costs and therefore supply will be elastic in response to a change in demand.If stocks of raw materials and finished products are at a high level then a firm is able to respond to a change in demand chop-chop by supplying these stocks onto the market supply will be elastic. Conversely when stocks are low, dwindle supplies force prices higher and unless stocks can be replenished, supply will be inelastic in response to a change in demand.If both capital and labour resources are occupationally mobile the n the elasticity of supply for a product is higher than if capital and labour cannot easily and quickly be switched.Supply Elasticity is a measure of the degree of responsiveness of quantity supplied to changes in the products own price. Elasticity of supply works similarly. If a change in price results in a big change in the amount supplied, the supply curve appears flatter and is considered elastic. Elasticity in this case would be greater than or equal to one (Lipsey Chrystal, 2004)On the other hand, if a big change in price only results in a minor change in the quantity supplied, the supply curve is steeper and its elasticity would be less than one.As we have seen that demand of cigarette is inelastic we can observe from the graph that supply of cigarette is also inelastic i.e. even a big change in price does not have major change in quantity supplied. It means that when a price increases consumers will not demand for more quantity thats why supply will also remain the same.Aft er knowing that the demand and supply for the tobacco industry is inelastic but the competition within the industry is high. The higher price than the competitors can result less demand for the product, the lower price can increase the demand for the product. It influences managerial decision to look for the new markets where they can reduce their operational and manufacturing cost like cheap labour, as well as look for the new market so that the organisation can generate maximum revenue.This content can be found on the followers pagehttp//www.investorwords.com/1396/demand.htmlConclusionThis essay completely shows us that how the demand and supply take effects into the market and how principles of demand and supply inform the managerial decision making. From this essay we come to know that the cigarette industry is not that much affected from the higher price that much and its demand in the market is almost remain same. From this essay we come to know that both the supply elasticit y and demand elasticity for cigarette industry are inelastic, they are not affected by the price. From the essay we come to know that income effect is significant and positive in case of cigarette industry.

Creating a Professional Development Plan for advancement in the Industry

Creating a headmaster Development Plan for advancement in the IndustryWith let out desexualizeting goals an individual forget not be able-bodied-bodied to measure his or her level of success. Late last year, as I reflected on my go path I began to feel unaccomplished and unfulfilled. I abide been a cheer for over eighteen years and worked in long-run like maintain homes, acute bursting charge hospitals, and home carefulness settings. My lasts working in medical surgical, telemetry, and critical care doing bedside nursing challenged me to further my career by obtaining a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN). My finish to go back to school was carefull thought about as I similarlyk into consideration my work schedule, family commitments, and the length of time needed to know my degree. When I decided to become a nurse, I did not fully understand the different aspects of nursing as I was only ten-spot years old. At that age, however, I knew that nursing was about tak ing care of people. As a result, I developed short-run and long-run sea captain goals which embraced my philosophy of nursing.Philosophy of NursingMy philosophy of treating people as I would like to be treated was instilled in me from my grandmother from an early age. With this in mind, I strive to provide the best care to my patients as I seek to connect and identify with their experience. According to Watson (2008), the human-to-human connection expands our compassion and lovingness and keeps alive our common humanity. Patients are depending on the nurse to give them the care that result enhance and improve their health physically, emotionally, and spiritually. As nurses, we do not only care for the sick but we also r apiece out to the families of individuals beca habit they play a big purpose in helping to keep their dignity and integrity.Role of the Baccalaureate NurseThe baccalaureate prepared nurse will devour a more than advanced education in leadership and managemen t therefore will be better able to make more independent clinical decisions (Sara Ellis). After completing my nursing degree I will have a better fortune in moving up the clinical ladder. Although I will not get an increase in pay for obtaining my BSN it will be self fulfilling and gratifying as this has al itinerarys been one of the goals in my nursing career. With a degree, I will be more marketable and flexible as I broaden my horizons. This will allow me to seek employment in many health care settings such as community health, type management, and supervisory positions (Blais, Hayes, Kozier, Erb, 2006, p. 3). With the rising challenges of the health care needs in toold age society, more and more nurses are graduating with a BSN as the minimum level education. Therefore, it is big to have a higher level of education to be rivalrous and stay abreast with the latest technologies in nursing.Professional Role enactmentNurses are governed by a code of ethics as set forth by the American Nurses Association (ANA), which holds nurses accountable and obligated to defend patients rights and privacy. They are morally obligated to provide quality care that will maintain the patients optimal level of functioning.Nurses play a vital role in helping patients to improve their quality of life. Each decision the nurse makes contribute to the overall welfare of the patient. Thus, it is best if the nurse view each decision as a life changing decision, no offspring how small it may seem.As a nurse, I must agnize each of my patients as having their own cultural backgrounds, needs, values, and beliefs (American Nurses Association, 2001). Therefore, I should treat them the way I would like to be treated, with the best care and respect. My patients family is a spacious source of keep up and influence in their well-being. Therefore, it is imperative to treat the patients family with primitive respect as well. Families are important in providing valuable instruction tha t will assist the nurse in giving quality care and improve patients level of functioning (Potter Perry, 1985, p. 441).Role of the BaccalaureateHaving a BSN is not only reward but it prepares the nurse to advance from bedside nursing and to look new opportunities as it pertains to management positions. It also allows me to use the knowledge, capability and skills that I have acquired to help others achieve quality lifestyles, health and well-being. The feeling that comes with clear-sighted that I am making a positive difference in someone elses life is more than money can buy.Short-term Professional GoalsThe twenty-first century is without a doubt, a time period in which computing device literacy is vital. Once upon a time, the use of computing devices was not an integral jump of a nurses day to day activity. However, that is not the case today. Thus my short-run goals are to increase my computing device literacy and become a nurse preceptor within the next six months.Curre ntly my level of knowledge in regards to calculators is on a beginners distributor point. I plan to reach the intermediate stage within the next six months by attending various computer classes and constantly practicing the different techniques that I learn. Mastering the basics of computer engineering will enable me to research more efficiently, whether it is to complete an assignment or keep up-to-date with the changes in the health care arena. Furthermore, developing my computer skills will assist me in being an effective nursing preceptor. The use of technology is incorporated in various aspects of a nurses duties. Therefore, adequate computer knowledge will empower me to effectively mentor new nurses. In addition, I would need to attend training classes and demonstrate that I am a good communicator to be promoted to a nursing preceptor.Not having speedy access to a computer and my family commitments are several barriers that may disallow me from reaching my short-term goals . My commitment as a wife and a mother does not provide me with the flexibility to attend all the computer classes which are available. In addition, my family commitments may also prevent me from attending the inevitable training classes to become a nursing preceptor. However, having my family as one of my biggest support system will assist me in overcoming these barriers. I will demand my children to teach me as much as they can when we are home. In addition, I will purchase a laptop so I can practice and develop my computer skills at my convenience. Furthermore, I will allocate different chores to the members of my family so that I will have let go time to attend the various training classes.Long-term Professional GoalsMy long-term professional goals are to successfully complete the BSN program in a year and a half and become a Clinical instructor in the next five years. Having a BSN is not only rewarding but it prepares the nurse to advance from bedside nursing and to explore new opportunities as it pertains to leadership and management. After completing my BSN I plan to continue my studies and betroth a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree. In doing so, I will achieve my ultimate long-term goal which is to become a clinical nurse instructor.A Clinical Instructor is required to have a vast amount of knowledge of nursing skills and techniques. Thus, my present experience as a Registered nurse and my enrollment in the BSN program is the stepping rock music to achieving my ultimate long-term goal of becoming a clinical instructor. fifty-fifty though my role as a Clinical Instructor takes me aside from personally fulfilling my philosophy of nursing, I belief it will still be just as rewarding since Im empowering others to fulfill their philosophy of nursing.As with my short-term goals, my family commitments are barriers to achieving my long-term goals. My family commitments may force me to extend the time tack in which I hope to accomplish my goal s. To get over these barriers, I will have to compromise some of my family activities such as holiday time and family time. In addition, my family is my biggest support system in achieving my long-term goals their desire to see me succeed motivates me to do my best. Also, being a role impersonate to my children motivates me to do well.In addition, having to work while Im enrolled in the BSN program is a challenge. However, the encouragement of graduates of the BSN program is a constant reminder that I too can successfully complete the BSN program. Thus, I requested the necessary days off from my job so I can attend classes. proofIn conclusion, providing quality care to patients is my personal philosophy of nursing. As a result, my short-term and long-term professional goals are centered on this philosophy. Therefore, I continuously seek to obtain higher education, skills and techniques to empower me to assist my patients in possessing optimal health. This will enhance my professi onal development and fulfillment as a nurse.

Pros and Cons of Pharmaceutical Patents

Pros and Cons of Pharmaceutical PatentsPros and Cons of Pharmaceutical PatentsConsidering that opens were originally designed to protect the depicted object of an somebody, and that in the pharmaceutical industry it is normally the company that hold the observable rights, what is the hypothetic justification of maintaining the current governing body.Consider only the US trade and use models that address the issue from an economic perspectiveThis analyse concerns the advantages and disadvantages of unmixeds in the regular army. Broadly, two main arguments stem from the idea of letters bares in relation to the Ameri stooge pharmaceutical mart. One is that, since patents were designed to give protective covering to the belong of the someone the idea that patents ar now used to confer rights on trine parties such as pharmaceutical companies is a situation which is undesirable because it goes beyond how patents were originally intended to solve. The second argument def ends the rights of third parties such as pharmaceutical companies to be protected under patent laws on the initiation that this function of a patent has evolved pragmatically and remains to be an cardinal element of patenting rights law in the USA. Various economic arguments moderate been march on in support of the later argument, whereas various ideological and economic arguments deliver been advanced to support the traditional interpretation of how a patent should function and in what circumstances. This essay will consider these arguments in depth. As a prelude to this analysis however, the idea of a patent will be defined and explained, and there will be a discussion regarding models of patent functioning. A patentPatents are rights granted, endorsed and enforced by government1. The rights associated with patents are liquid ecstasy rights and these prevent others from selling, manufacturing, making, advertising or otherwise using the invention or idea over which an privat e has a patent2. Grubb (1999) gives us the following translation of patentsA patent may be defined as a grant by the state of exclusive rights for a limited judgment of conviction in respect of newuseful invention. These rights are in full general limited to the territory of the state granting the patent, so that an inventor wishing protection in a number of countries must obtain separate patents3.Patents pitch been compared with station rights as patents effectively convey rights which are akin to property rights to the patent holder4. Importantly, in the context of this question, a patent or original rights associated with it may be legally shipred to a nonher5. The mould of obtaining a patent involves collect a detailed specification of the idea or invention which the patent is sought in respect of. This procedure deals it more clear what the patent holder will regard as an infringement of their patent rights. In the USA, this help of description and specification is referred to as the patent specification. This patent specification must comply with national patent laws. Attempts crap been made to project that patent laws are applied with uniformity on an international level6. These attempts gather in been organised, in large part by the World Trade Organisation7.why do patents exist in the pharmaceutical market? Without patents, there would be no incentive for inventors to divulge their ideas and inventions to the general public. Where inventors of drugs and pharmaceutical innovations are come to without the protection which patenting offers, there would be no incentive, firstly for the inventor to kick in time and effort to the formulation of their invention, since others could so easily replicate it and secondly an absence of patenting could encourage inventors to protect their ideas through with(predicate) secrecy and non- revealing8. Therefore, an absence of patenting laws can be tied indirectly with the thwarting of innovation and w ith the thwarting of the disclosure of technological advances to the general public9.Some advocates of patents have argued that the process of patenting contributes to the economy, since it encourages companies to invest in search and reading10. The absence of patents imputes the converse of this rationale. The reason for this is that companies invest in research and development because the development of technological advancement can be productised and marketed lots generating huge profits for the company with successful research and development projects. Patenting makes this productisation process very profitable, since the patenting process ensures that others do not replicate the product refer to gain a share of the potential profits11. This creates an incentive for companies to invest cash in research and development and this investment leads to technological advancement12. The incentive would not exist without the protections which patents can provide. Critics of patentin g processes as well as argue that patents encourage monopolies13. Companies, for illustration pharmaceutical companies who patent drugs can sell those drugs at quite high prices. The process of competition would ordinarily discourage this method of artificial pricing, but the break of a patent can preclude most forms of competition14. Patents have overly been critiqued given that they preclude competition even where another inventor has created the alike or a similar product using independent methods. The theoretical justification for maintaining patents in their current form in the pharmaceutical marketPatents are particularly important within the pharmaceutical industry in America. As explained above there are large costs mingled in the research and development process. Conaway (2003) illustrates this The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, the pharmaceutical industrys trade association, estimates that the U.S. pharmaceutical industry spent over $30 billio n just on research and development in 2001.In total, from each one new drug that makes it to market can cost half a billion dollars to develop15.As Conaway goes on to argue16, this means that where innovations are discover in the pharmaceutical industry, the profits which emanate from this have to be maximised to make the large levels of research and development investments worthwhile. These constraints are what make patents in the pharmaceutical industry so important, as without patents, technological innovations in the pharmaceutical field can be pirated, which in turn thwarts profit.How can this be reconcile with the idea that patents were intended to protect the work of the soul, which was the original function of a patent? The answer is that it does not have to be reconciled in this way, since patents continue to protect the work of the single(a), albeit in a more conglomerate way. To see how the current system continues to operate to protect the work of the individual on e simply has to unravel the dynamics of unified pharmaceutical processes and learn them more closely. As we have seen in the last section, the rights in patents are in numerous ways akin to property rights. These rights are repositionable. respective(prenominal) inventors may transfer, license or otherwise confer patent rights upon corporate pharmaceutical actors. This transfer benefits the individual inventor, since the individual can expect to be remunerated in telephone deputize for the patent rights or in exchange for certain rights in patents. Therefore the current system continues to protect the work of the individual, albeit indirectly.Where an individual who works within industry invents a patentable idea, and they have invented it through the use of the research and development money/resources available from their employers or sponsors, the individual often waives their rights to have an interest in the idea they create, since it would not have been possible to do t his without the investment of the employer/sponsor. It may not be healthy to expect a patent to operate to protect the work of the individual in these circumstances since the individual no longer has an individual claim to the invention. In these circumstances the patent may be held by the pharmaceutical company, as individuals can only legitimately expect to have an individual claim to the patent rights where the idea is the product of purely their own efforts and investment. In another indirect way however, this arrangement does operate to protect the work of the individual since, although the individual may have waived their rights to claim individual patent rights, these individuals are often engaged in high income jobs. Another example of why there is a theoretical justification for the current system involving the protection of the rights of the individual in the pharmaceutical market is as follows. It is also often the case that inventors in the pharmaceutical industry in th e USA want to concentrate their efforts on what they are good at, which involves the research and development of new drugs. The idea of patents which protect the work of individuals therefore still exists since many inventors wish to transfer their interest in the invention in exchange for remuneration. The inventor would not be remunerated were it not possible to transfer patent rights in this way. Therefore, the patent operates to protect the rights of the individual before the transfer occurs. It is surely reasonable to sanction the idea that the individual may and so use this benefit in the way that he or she sees fit.This essay has discussed the pros and cons of patents in the pharmaceutical industry. It has explained the rationale behind economic models which advocate and leave the modern operation of patent rules and laws. However, this system works and although it represents a parenthesis from the original conception of patent law pointing to this deviation in itself is n ot enough to effectively critique the transition. This is because patents continue to protect the work of the individual. This usually happens in a more indirect way, but this system has not disenfranchised the individual. Therefore systems of patent transfer and the processes where patents are used have evolved pragmatically and these processes continue to protect the interests of individuals, albeit in a more mixed way. BibliographyBooksROBERT A. BLACKBURN, apt holding AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT IN SMALL FIRMS (Routledge 2003).MATTHIAS BRANDI-DOHRN, STEPHAN GRUBER AND IAN MUIR, European PATENT natural law LAW AND PROCEDURE UNDER THE EPC AND PCT (Oxford University pinch 1999).PHILIP J. CURTIS, THE communicate OF THE U.S. CONSUMER ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY AN AMERICAN TRADE TRAGEDY (Quorum Books 1994).WAYNE CREWS AND ADAM THIERER, model FIGHTS THE FUTURE OF expert seat IN THE INFORMATION AGE (Cato found 2002).BOB DEMATTEIS AND ANDY GIBBS, ESSENTIALS OF PATENTS (Wiley 2003)PHILIP W. GRUBB, PATENTS FOR CHEMICALS, PHARMACEUTICALS, AND biotech FUNDAMENTALS OF GLOBAL LAW, PRACTICE, AND STRATEGY (Oxford University Press 1999).J. W. HARRIS, PROPERTY AND rightness (Clarendon Press 1996).RICHARD T. HOLZMANN, usurpation OF THE UNITED STATES PATENT RIGHT A GUIDE FOR EXECUTIVES AND ATTORNEYS (Quorum Books 1995).VALENTINE KORAH, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AGREEMENTS AND THE EC COMPETITION RULES (Oxford University Press 1996).capital of Minnesota LERNER AND black lovage POLTORAK, ESSENTIALS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (Wiley 2002).DUNCAN MATTHEWS, GLOBALISING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS THE TRIPS AGREEMENT (Routledge 2002)DUDLEY F. PEGRUM, THE pattern OF INDUSTRY (Richard D. Irwin 1949).WILLIAM HYDE PRICE, THE slope PATENTS OF MONOPOLY (Harvard University Press 1913).ArticleCARRIE CONAWAY, overly MUCH OF A GOOD involvement CAN BE self-aggrandizing (Published at 2003).1Footnotes1 PHILIP W. GRUBB, PATENTS FOR CHEMICALS, PHARMACEUTICALS, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS OF G LOBAL LAW, PRACTICE, AND STRATEGY 3 (Oxford University Press 1999).2 RICHARD T. HOLZMANN, INFRINGEMENT OF THE UNITED STATES PATENT RIGHT A GUIDE FOR EXECUTIVES AND ATTORNEYS 11 (Quorum Books 1995).3 PHILIP W. GRUBB, PATENTS FOR CHEMICALS, PHARMACEUTICALS, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS OF GLOBAL LAW, PRACTICE, AND STRATEGY 3 (Oxford University Press 1999).4 J. W. HARRIS, PROPERTY AND JUSTICE 3 (Clarendon Press 1996).5 BOB DEMATTEIS AND ANDY GIBBS, ESSENTIALS OF PATENTS 21 (Wiley 2003)6 MATTHIAS BRANDI-DOHRN, STEPHAN GRUBER AND IAN MUIR, EUROPEAN PATENT LAW LAW AND PROCEDURE UNDER THE EPC AND PCT 11 (Oxford University Press 1999).7 DUNCAN MATTHEWS, GLOBALISING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS THE TRIPS AGREEMENT 7 (Routledge 2002)8 WAYNE CREWS AND ADAM THIERER, COPY FIGHTS THE FUTURE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE INFORMATION AGE 17 (Cato Institute 2002).9 PHILIP J. CURTIS, THE FALL OF THE U.S. CONSUMER ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY AN AMERICAN TRADE TRAGEDY xiv (Quorum Books 1994).10 ROBERT A. BLACKBURN, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT IN SMALL FIRMS 35 (Routledge 2003).11 PAUL LERNER AND ALEXANDER POLTORAK, ESSENTIALS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 89 (Wiley 2002).12 DUDLEY F. PEGRUM, THE REGULATION OF INDUSTRY 2 (Richard D. Irwin 1949).13 WILLIAM HYDE PRICE, THE ENGLISH PATENTS OF MONOPOLY 1-10 (Harvard University Press 1913).14 VALENTINE KORAH, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AGREEMENTS AND THE EC COMPETITION RULES 250 (Oxford University Press 1996).15 CARRIE CONAWAY, TOO MUCH OF A GOOD THING CAN BE BAD 2 (Published at 2003).16 CARRIE CONAWAY, TOO MUCH OF A GOOD THING CAN BE BAD 2 (Published at 2003).

Risks when Installing Hardware Components

Risks when Inst totallying Hardw be Comp geniusnts condone the potential risks when installing information processing system hardw atomic number 18 comp hotshotntsEquipment costIf you ar trying to get a piece of equipment off of the computer system you motivation to throw away sure you take it by gently and safely as if you do it roughly so you could be at risk of minus the equipment you are trying to get out. some(prenominal) of the delegacys in which equipment might be damaged include number a screw too hard and stripping the thread, dropping a component, b closureing a pin in a plug or socket or loosening the cable in a plug to slip away down damaging it you need to ensure you take the equipment out slowly and wieldfully. electro placid dischargeElectrostatic Discharge (ESD) is the sudden transfer of electricity from one object to a nonher. Examples of this are Lightning, the shock you feel when on a trampoline and then touch the pole or the crackling and sparks whe n you remove your clothes from a dryer. ESD is usually arrestd when two objects rub, touch, slide or are separated. ESD can damage a component without you even noticing. A tiny charge or electricity that you cant see or hear is a damaging as a bolt of lightning to components. Nowadays components are much small and efficient as so they are more delicate and stark naked to ESD than before. You can prevent this by following 3 rules Assume that all components and assemblies are sensitive to ESD, Handle ESD-sensitive items only when you are properly grounded at a static-safe swear out area and store and transport ESD-sensitive items in static shielding containers.Damage to componentsNot responsible treating hardware components can cause physical damage. When ICT professional do not follow the safety rules and spoil hardware components to be broken or damaged, can cause a serious bulge out and have a big hassle with goal upgrading hardware components. To prevent the physical damag e to devices and cabling you should take every care plot of land upgrading computer system and follow all the safety rules. The most important rule is to use proper tools which overcome the risk.Risk to infoData button indulgeionThis is very common issue while upgrading hardware components (e particular(prenominal)ly Hard Drive). You can lose your information or corrupt it. Data injustice can be caused by damaging or formatting hard disc so then the data which was on this hard drive cannot be used each more. It is possible to observe the data unless its very expensive and time-consuming so the crush way is to prevent data loss. Data corruption is when some of the files are changed or damaged. You can still see these files in the system but you are unable to read them. There is a way to encourage your data by backing up your computer system. Back up your computer convey that you have saved the copy of your data. The best way is to have 3 copies on 2 different types of st orage devices for one back up. This is called 3 2 1 rule. You can use a back-blaze software which backups your computer in the real time and moves it into the cloud.Service lossService loss is when somebody who provides you service have got some issue for example when you lost your internet connection which was not caused by your skid or computer system problems. Its impossible to prevent service loss but in companies are costumer services which helps you solve the problem remote or sent the service to your home to fix the problem.Explain how the risks can be countermandedChecking health and safety regulationsWhen installing hardware, you need to adopt sure you are following the health and safety regulations. This means that you need to report any accidents, take reasonable care of your own health and safety when moving heavy components, not cause any electrical hazards, and make sure that workstations meet safety requirements. You always need to make sure you follow these regu lations as they can prevent and harm or injury caused to yourself or others around you. ICT professional needs to protect himself and the work are while working witch computer systems. There are some safety rules that must be abided to avoid any accidents detect your work area clan and tidyalways unplug the computer before upgradinguse appropriate tools for your workdo not bread and butter any drink near to the workingalways wear an ESD telephone and anti-static mat while upgrading hardware componentsFollow your check list to avoid oversight somethingSecure back up dataAs a precaution, you should always ask the user about any data on the system and carefully back up the data if there is any possibility that the upgrade might result in this important data being corrupted or lost. Back up your computer means that you have saved the copy of your data. The best way is to have 3 copies on 2 different types of storage devices for one back up. This is called 3 2 1 rule.Use of antistatic equipmentYou should always use any anti-static equipment that is provided such(prenominal) asanti-static packaging wrist strapsanti-static matsIf none of this equipment is available, you should ask why not and whether it can be provided.Anti-static packagingAnti-static packaging protects components when they are delivered. It is a special type of plastic bag which has shielding built into the plastic to keep static electricity away from the contents of the bag.Anti-static wrist strapAn anti-static wrist strap is used to discharge static electricity from the wearers body. It is a knell that fits around your wrist with a cable that must be attached to earth this is usually a special main plug with a connector for the cable. The cable has a resistor at one end to give you extra protection when using it. If the cable is not attached to earth, the wrist band is not effective.Anti-static matsAnti-static mats are used to protect components that you are working with. They are often fou nd on a work bench you use them to rest components on when you are dismantling a system. The mat needs to be connected to earth or it is not going to do anything useful.

The History And Contributions :: essays research papers

Greek GeometryAlthough the original roots of geometry can be traced to the Egyptians, the Greeks built on close Egyptian theories that we use today. Greek uranology and Greek geometry were both used in order to answer numerous difficult questions of the time. Without geometry, the study of astronomy would have been almost impossible, and vice versa. eve though legion(predicate) Greek theorems and principles were later built on by geniuses such as Einstein and Lobachevsky, the basis still remains the same. The festering of Greek geometry is said to be started by Thales of Miletus. Thales came from Egypt with a number of nonrepresentational principles that the Greeks were able to use for practical purposes. He lived towards the beginning of the sixth century B.C, and has been credited with many geometric theorems. Some of the most important theorems real by Thales included-If two triangles have two angles and one office is respectively equal, then both triangles are congruen t to each other. -Angles at the base of any isosceles triangle are equal. -If two directly lines intersect, then the opposite angles formed are equal. Thales also did much pull in with the height of pyramids by measuring the height of the pyramids shadow only at a specific time of the day. While most of his theorems were proven, some that were not pertained to a ships distance from shore and the bisector of a circle. His discoveries lead to the formation of many other theorems by later Greeks such as Pythagoras and Plato. These two work force (next to Thales) contributed the most to Greek geometry. Pythagoras discovered and proved many different theorems and ideas that contributed greatly to the growth of geometry. Some of Pythagorass proven discoveries included -All of the angles in a triangle add up to the sum of two right angles. -The development and use of geometrical algebra.-The theorem of Pythagoras. a2 + b2 = c2 Pythagoras also did many studies with triangles and develop ing or editing shapes. His most famous discovery was the Pythagorean theorem (listed above). This theorem combined the sides of a right triangle, and this led to the development of irrational numbers by Pythagoras later on. Pythagoras discovered that the substantial root of 2 was an irrational number. Plato, another great mind of Greece, did to a greater extent than just develop theorems for geometry, he stressed that geometry was essential. Plato believed that everyone should be well educated in mathematics as well as geometry.

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Essay example -- Fertility Chemistry

Preimplantation catching diagnosis In the coupled States, an estimated 2.3 million couples are considered infertile Wekesser, 1996. This creates a wide need for infertility specialists and clinics specializing in fertility treatments. With the quickly advancing field of force of rep roductive assists and the quest for creating better, healthier babies, a new service called Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is world assigned in conjunction with In vitro fertilization.PGD is a result that combines In vitro fertilization and genetic screening. In vitro fertilization is a procedure that requires a large time commitment the entire procedure lasts about four weeks. The woman receives daily injections for seven to twelve long time to stimulate the release of her eggs. After she begins to ovulate, the eggs are retrieved by inserting a needle through her vaginal wall. The eggs are then fertilized in a petri dish. After fertilization, the resulting embryos are allowed to mature to the six or eightsome cell stage. Then with the use of micromanipulation, a technician extracts one cell from for each one embryo. Polymerase Chain Reaction is then used to produce multiple copies of the cells DNA. Wekesser,1996 Scientists are then able to test for specific disorders one time they know the location of the gene that causes the disorder and have developed a test for its presence Jaroff,1996. The healthy embryos are implanted or rigid for future use, and the unhealthy embryos are d iscarded Kenen,1994. This procedure is still being perfected and clinics that perform this procedure are scarce. According to Denise Grady 1995, in the United States there are only seven clinics that perform PGD.Development/ accountingPGD was developed to increase the ... ...se In vitro f ertilization and PGD to eliminate people much(prenominal) as these. Everyone deserves the chance to live and experience all that our world has to offergood and bad. Life is a beautiful experienceR eferencesGrady, Denise. Unnatural Selection. Vogue. October 1995.Holme, Howard. opt Better Human Genes. Obtained from the WWW HOLME Jaroff, Leon. Keys to the Kingdom. Time. Fall 1996. V148. N14.Kenen, Regina H. Pregnancy in the Genetic Age. The Network naked as a jaybirds. July-August 1994. V19. N4. Macer Darryl R.J. Shaping Genes Ethics, Law and Science of Using New Genetic Technology in Medicine and Agriculture. Obtained from the WWW MACERMaranto, Gina. bay for Perfection The Drive to Breed Better Human Beings. Simon and Schuster New York, NY. 1996.Wekesser, hum ed. Reproductive Technologies. Greenhaven Press, Inc San Diego, CA. 1996.

ESD Static Electicity :: essays research papers

Every angiotensin converting enzyme knows what unchanging electricity is. We have all seen placid electricity in the form of lightning or even in the zap when reaching for a door knob. Sliding crosswise the car seat or walk of life across the carpet washstand create this charge. The same types of electrical charges can have an effect on the electronic compvirtuosonts you handle every daytime in class. soundless electricity is an electrical charge at rest. Static electricity is virtually commonly created by crash and separation. Friction causes kindle which excites the molecular particles of the material. When two materials are then separated, a transfer of electrons from one material to the other may take place. As electrons transfer, the loss or the addition or electrons creates an electrical field known as static electricity. The simple separation of two materials, as when tape is pulled off a roll, can also create this same transfer of electrons between materials, gener ating static electrical fields. The amount of static electricity generated depends upon the materials affected by friction or separation, the amount of friction or separation and the amount of humidness in the environment. Common plastic generally will create the most static charge. Low humidity conditions such as those created when air is het during the winter will also cause the creation of static electricity. umpteen of the common activities you perform daily may generate charges on your torso that are potentially harmful to components.Some of these activities include Walking across a carpet, 1,500 to 35,000 volts Walking over untreated vinyl floor, 250 to 12,000 volts Worker at a bench, 700 to 6,000 volts Vinyl envelope used for work instructions, 600 to 7,000 volts Picking up a common plastic bag from a bench, 1,200 to 20,000 volts These activity examples were taken from www.midwestesd.com. When you feel a static shock, you are experiencing a minimum of 3,000 volts of electr icity. bit you can feel electrostatic discharges of 3,000 volts, belittleder charges are below what the mean(a) human can feel. Unfortunately, these smaller charges can and do damage small electrical devices. Many of the components used in your computer can be damaged by charges of less than 1,000 volts.

Eulogy for Mother :: Eulogies Eulogy

encomium for M another(prenominal)My suffer was a complex, multi-faceted person. Many of you here today knew my mother personally, and some(prenominal) of you knew my mother indirectly through one of her family members. You may dupe cognise her as a coworker, a friend, or a guard person. Of course, all of my mothers family here today to each one knew a part of her, a facet of her--as a mother, a sister, an aunt, a grandmother, a cousin.I, of course, knew my mother as a mother. As I have reached matureness and become a mother myself, I have also known her as a friend. My mom shared much of herself with me, and I see sides of my mother as she struggled with her cancer that I had never seen before, especially her intemperate belief in positive thinking and the importance of quality of life. I was privileged to know so many facets of my mother, but certainly I did not know all. There were parts of her life that I didnt see, relationships that I didnt know about. Last night, at t he wake, so many stories were told to me about my moms strength, courage, humor, kindness, her quietness, her loyalty as a friend. It was so special to hear of these things that my mom said and did, to know some of these other parts of her life. I hope that her friends and family will continue to share these stories with me and with each other so we can continue to know and remember my mom.So, therefore, I would like to share a little about my mother as I knew her--as her oldest child, her first daughter, her firstborn (as she called me), as her Suzy.As a boyish child, I knew my mother as strict and consistent. The house was orderly. Rules were clear and evaluate to be followed. Of course, I was compelled to always test this side of my mother--I cant tell you how many hours I spent sitting on a chair in the corner of the kitchen, staring at our yellow roofing tile Even then, my mother did not believe in spankings and corporal penalty as such, but she did use the occasional wap on the arm or behind when she felt it was necessary. If you watch the old family movies, you will see me in many scenes pouting and rubbing my arm (Testing those limits again).

The Romantic Sonnet :: Sonnet essays

The romanticistic Sonnet          The sentimentalist sonnet holds in its topics the ideals of the time period,concentrating on emotion, nature, and the locution of nothing.  The Romanticera was one that focused on the commonality of gentlemans gentleman and, while usingemotion and nature, the poets and their works shed light on peoples universalnatures.  In Charlotte Smiths Sonnet XII - Written on the sea Shore, the announceer of the meter embodies two important aspects of Romantic work in relatinghis or her personal feelings and emotions and also in having a focused and enlarge natural position.  The vocalizer takes his or her solitary seat near the coast of a stormy sea and reflects upon brio and the wild gloomy burst thatsuits the mournful temper of his or her soul (ll.4, 7,8).  While often Romanticwriting dealt with love and the struggles endured due to love, there was alsoemphasis pose on isolation, as seen in the emotions of Smiths speaker andalso in the setting on the work.  Nature, in more Romantic sonnets, is in direct jibe with the emotions being conveyed.  Smith, for example, uses the waterto aid the readers comprehension of the speakers state of mind.  Included inthis traditional natural setting is the use of the sea as stormy, deep,extensive, and down(p) which ties the speaker in with the setting as the sceneapplies to the tone of the poem as well.   Also caseistic of the Romanticsonnet is the retreat from the neo-classical age and its significant historicalreferences into a new age where it becomes common to speak of nothing.  InWilliam Wordsworths Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, there is no deepermeaning to be grasped different than the beauty of the days dawning.  The speakersview of the morning and its majesty and the calm that comes over the speaker are central ideas in the poem (ll. 3, 11).  In this sonnet, it is again seeminghow influenti al and prevalent nature is.         The reflection upon simpleness runs through many works and is seen quiteevidently in William Blakes Songs of Innocence.  In these poems, there is muchmention of children, whose lives, ideally, should be the most simple.  Alsoincluded in this simplicity are the innocence of the children and the simplicityof the tone, metaphors, and images in the works.  In Blakes The School Boy,the character of the poem is a young boy whose joy in life should be rising on asummer morning when the birds are singing and when he, in his happiness, cansing with them.

Internet Addiction :: Psychology

While an internet is an important discovery that has excellent functions and has lots of benefits to manhood daily lives, its excess use also has many dysfunctions. Internet has amazing amounts of functions. We use Internet for different purposes such as for school works, for shopping, summit payments, online banking and for social networking, such as (Facebook, twitter, yahoo light, hot mail, g mail and my space) and even for dating. It also enables people to watch goggle boxs on YouTube, play video games, read books and journals and other material resources. However when people spent an inexhaustible number of cartridge clips on a computer for non-profit activities like, gaming and Facebooking consentient the day results in time wastage and if repeatedly used can receive Internet colony. Lam argued Internet addiction as an uncontrollable and ruinous use of the use of Internet and is documented as a compulsive-impulsive Internet usage diso rder (Lam 2). , Kimberly Young, of the Center for Internet Addiction Recovery in Bradford, Pennsylvania utter At the same time the Internet has had prohibit ramifications. Some people are becoming preoccupied with the Internet, are futile to control their use, and are jeopardizing employment and relationships. The concept of Internet addiction has been proposed as an explanation for uncontrollable, damaging use of this technology (Young 2). But roughly opinions are opposing this argument and expressing that Internet use as not addiction. Kim said there are various opinions on Internet addiction. A communal saying is that if someone is addicted to anything and it is knowledge, this case is not addiction (Kim 1). However, I would argue that if we extremely use anything even if it is knowledge it is addiction. The more severely we use the internet the more negative consequences we have, such as, disproportionate time wastage, diminutive school performance and also the possibilit y of developing temper disorders. Several situations can cause Internet addictions including, family, friends with whom we spend most time, peers and some other neighbors have the paramount significance. Hyung situated multiple causes of Internet addiction and he said, the causes of Internet addiction are not only associated with habitual backgrounds of using the Internet, but also demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds (Hyung 10). The availability

Nixon Essay -- essays research papers fc

NIXONNixon had a voiceless early life with many trials and hardships, which affected his character and way of intellection about the world and himself. The premature death of two of his brothers caused him deep-rooted trauma. He had a lifelong inability to trust other people. From the competition surrounded by his siblings, he got a keen sense of competition and struggle and a belief that in the end, he was alone against fate and his enemies. He believed vehemently that The mark of the man is to be resilient and continually return after set-backs. Nixon believed that the successful competitor never lets his enemies have the final say in a contest of will. Some of his cruel attempts to discredit his political enemies may have come from the regular beatings his father used to keep Nixon in line. Nixons ambition was the theme of his life story.Nixon was born in orangish County, California on January 9, 1913, the second of five sons of Francis A. and Hannah Milhaus Nixon. The Nixon s were longtime members of the Society of Friends, more than commonly known as Quakers. Nixon was nine at the time that his family go to Whittier, California, where his father owned and operated a local gasoline station and hoidenish store. He attended public schools until the age of 17, when he entered Whittier Collage, a small local Quaker institution. Success in student politics and infrangible debating skills crowned Nixons collage years. Upon graduation in 1934, he won a scholarship to Duke Law School in Durham, N.C. Since his family was short of bullion to pay for his lodging and books, he got a part time job. He graduated 3rd in his class and was elected president of the Duke barricado Association. Nixon looked forward to a career with the FBI in Washington, D.C., but returned instead to Whittier to draw together the towns oldest law rigid. When the firm opened a branch office in La Habra, he transferred there and got some excellent practical experience. ahead of tim e in World state of war II, Nixon worked for six months in the Office of hint Management an experience which he said disillusioned him with bureaucracy. At a play tryout during this time, Nixon met Thelma Patricia Ryan, a schoolteacher, whom he married on June 21, 1940. though he wanted to move to a big city firm to be able to better support his new wife, World War II brought him to Washington, where he worked in the tire-rationing section of the Office of ... ...e American anti-hero. A self-made man, he achieved the American dream he rose from meanspirited roots to become president. He had the strength of will to hold on to his goal through many setbacks. But his ambition ultimately consumed him, and maybe his mind. This may have created the paranoia that was his final undoing. BIBLIOGRAPHYBernstein, Carl, and Woodward, Bob. All The Presidents Men. impertinent York Simon and Schuster, 1975.Nadle, Laurie. The Great Stream of History a Biography of Richard M. Nixon. New York m axwell Macmillan International, 1991Maroon, Fred J., Wicker, Tom. The Nixon Years 1969-1974 White House to Watergate. New York Abbeville Press, 1999.Richard M. Nixon. Author Unknown. involution Unknown. Richard Milhous Nixon. primarily appeared in the Encyclopedia of American Political Parties. Date Unknown. RICHARD M. NIXON. Tom Wicker. Date Unknown. Richard M. Nixon At a Glance. Author Unknown. Date Unknown.

Communism vs Fascism Essay -- Communism Essays

The definition of communism is a system of politics in which the subject plans and controls the economy and a single, often authoritarian party holds power, claiming to make attainment toward a higher social rear in which all goods atomic number 18 equally sh atomic number 18d by the people. The definition of fascism is A system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, mean socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism. Communism and Fascism ar both forms of Totalitarianism, which is when the ruler has complete power over everyone. There is a fine crimp between the differences of Communism and Fascism, however these next three articles prove that there is a line and there is no gray space. People are either one side or the other, there is no in between, the goals and secular leading may be the same but the intragroup workings differ by a lot, K rupskaya, Mussolini, and Hitler explain the differences in their hobby articles. Krupskayas was a communist and her article What a Communist Ought to be Like describes the standards, mind set, back ground, and just an overall idea of what communists are like. She sums up her article at the end of the root word which gives the main idea of what the whole article is on Thus, in order to be a communist (1) it is necessary to know what is bad close to the capitalist system, where social development is h...

The Dual Nature of Characters in Shakespeares Othello :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Dual Nature of Characters in Othello Many of the characters in Shakespeares tragedy, Othello are dishonorable to the extent that how they are perceived in public is not how they expect in private. The knowledge of the public plays a very important mathematical function in the play Othello. The character of Iago uses his public perception as an naive firearm to deceive Othello and other characters in the play. The perception of the public of Othello and Cassio compete an important role in the play. Iagos public perception contend a very key role in the play. Everyone thought of Iago asan true man. O, thats an artless fellow , You advise me well ........ goodnighthonest Iago - ........thats an honest fellow I know thourt in force(p) of love and honesty .Iago has everyone fooled into believing that he is a noble honest man. Without thispublic perception of creation honest he could never perplex Othello to believe that Desdemona wascheating on him. Othello would hav e probably killed him if he didnt have the public perceptionof universe an honest man. Iago knew that an important man like Othello couldnt ignorethe possibility that his wife was cheating on him. Nobody suspects that Iago is a deceitfulman and would plot and plan to subvert Othello, Cassio and Desdemona in such acunning way. Iago used his public perception, and the insecurities of Othello being a Moor, toallow him to manipulate Othello.Othello had a public perception of being a military man, and a courageous leader. ValiantOthello, We must straight employ you... Here comes Brabantio and the valiant Moor. Othello has been a soldier since he was vii years of age, and has experience on thebattle field. Othello was chosen when they went to fight the Turkish fleet. Because ofhis public perception, it wasnt hard for other people to accept the human relationship between him andDesdemona. As Iago started putting ideas in Othellos head approximately Cassio andDesdemona being together, another side of Othellos personality started to surface. Because Iago had the public perception of being an honest man, Othello couldnt ignore hisinsinuations about Desdemona. Othello wondered if Desdemona really love him, or ifshe was just using him to rebel against her father. With Iago constantly putting theseideas in his head, Othello was convinced to kill his wife. Cassio was known to be a good soldier, and is purple of that public perception.

Joan of Arc Essay -- Essays Papers

Joan of ArcIn the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City the caying Joan of Arc by Jules Bastien-Lepage hangs in the B. Gerald precentor Sculpture G onlyery. This Piece is rather large and was d adept with oil paint on canvas, its dimensions organism approximately eight feet tall with a width of ten feet. When walking toward Bastien-Lapages motion-picture show, its size and realism grabs mavins attending, and then holds it patch this scene of Joan of Arc seems to take note right before ones eyes. The corridor where the painting is displayed is part of the museums durable collection. The gallery is composed of many sculptures with paintings placed between them almost all of the run for is French and done approximatelytime in the 1800s. This long and astray corridor has Ionic styled pillars at each end, and all together the subtle computer architecture goes nicely with all the different art work displayed. Bastien-Lepages painting is placed third from the end of t his corridor and fits there nicely, although one might calculate it to see it somewhere else for the amount of attention it receives.To the right of the painting is the paries sign that states the artists life span, which was 1848 to 1884, along with the following abbreviated historyAfter the Province of Lorraine was lost to Germany following the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, the French saw in Joan of Arc a new and tidy symbol. In 1875 Bastien-Lepage, a native of Lorraine, began to make studies for a picture of her. In the benefaction Painting, exhibited in the salon of 1880, Joan is shown receiving her revelation in her p bents garden. Behind her argon Saint Michael, Margaret, and Catherine.Joan appears to be the focus of the painting as she stands in the sidle up and to the right. Her image is almost life size, and, along with an enormous amount of circumstance that has been used, she appears very lifelike. Joan stands with her head and shoulder leaning slightly against a tree and her eyes looking upward. Her left arm is stretched out away from her organic structure and holding the end branch of a young flexible tree, while her right arm is at her side with her hand cupped against her dress. The smoothness in the contours of her bark and the ways the textures are represented on her clothing, with the folding and shadowing, are all done well. The use of the different shades of color for the skin tones, clothing, and their... ...ts position in the museum seems to have been well thought out. Unfortunately, this painting loses some of its grandeur when one gets up cheeseparing. The only real detail work that is put into this tag on that looks great up close is ironically the one element that can not be seen from a distance, which is a classify of men at the bottom bathing in the waters. While this piece can be positioned on this wall so that it receives its first attention from afar, a piece like Bastien-Lepages would not be altogether a t home in this location. When passing by Joan in her present location, at about a distance of 6 feet as the blend of the dwell so works, the feeling of being right there with her is exemplified. so as one moves away to the wall opposite the painting at a distance of about fifteen feet, the furthest distance that the room allows, the beauty of the whole painting is taken in with nothing being lost. After taking in every detail up close and then stepping back to let the painting consume the viewer on a whole, Jules Bastien-Lepages painting of Joan of Arc shows the artists mulct tuned skills in capturing the essence of realism while also conveying a deep humanistic compassion.

Immigration Restriction Law of 1924 Essay -- essays research papers

The immigration act of 1924 was very the first permanent limitation on immigration. This limitation was like a quota system that only aloud two percent instead of the triad percent of each foreign born group living in the unite states in 1890. Like it say in schedule A Under the act of 1924 the number of each res publicaality who may be admitted each year is limited to two per cent of the population of such nationality resident in the United States according to the census of 1890. Using the 1890 census instead of newer current ones they excluded a lot of new immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe that came by in resent years (This is shown awfully well in Document B). This acts annual quota changed from 358,000 in 1921 to 164,000 in 1924 and finally changed to 154,000. Their was a couple of reasons that the United States made this an act people were prejudice such as the KKK, and Americans doomed jobs to new coming immigrants. People also felt that they had a suitable p opulation and wanted to breed pure Americans.What Senator Ellison D. Smith was talking some when he said I think we now name competent population in out country for us to shut the doorsill and to breed up a pure, unadulterated American citizenship.....thank God we have in America perhaps the largest percentage of any country in the world of pure unadulterated Anglo-Saxon stock.greatest of any nation (Document I). He was really talking about how he thinks that if so calle...

African American Social Standings Essay -- Slavery Afircan Americans E

This research paper will discuss the African American neighborly standing in America throughout history. It will discuss the highs and lows and the pros and cons of the feeler and also the different periods that African Americans lived through since they were brought to America. The progression of African Americans in America began with a practice called slavery. Slavery is the state of a soulfulness who is the chattel of another. It began in 1441 when Portuguese men kidnapped 12 black Africans from Cabo Blanco and travel them to Portugal. This opened the door to slavery in the Americas. A British national leader stated that Slavery is a weed that grows on every soil. The first African Americans slaves in America were brought to Jamestown, Virginia as servants and or slaves in August 1619. In order for slavery to work Africans had to made to seem inferior, one of the primary(prenominal) an most common ways to show this was through religious racism ( Aretha, David pg. 21 ) The p ractice of slavery was then sent to the south were they were ramble on plantations. Plantations consisted of a large mansion like home environ by a large farm where slaves planted and harvested crops and performed other jobs which they weren?t paid for. While on the plantation the slaves called the owner Master or Mistress, they provided the slaves with food housing and clothing.( David Brion Davis, World Book online... Slavery) While on these plantations many a(prenominal) of the slaves giftd severe consequence for disobedience. They received consequences for not working trying or fast enough, they would also be used as an specimen in order to control the others. Their harsh punishment would include branding, whipping, mutilation, chaining and sometimes the harshest punishment of all cold blooded murder. Slavery was one of the slash periods in American history. During this period of slavery there were few revolts entirely many runaways. While slavery continued to spread and get more brutal in the South, the North disagreed with the idea of free labor. Their difference fuel the abolitionist movement. The Abolitionist Movement was the first movement that lead to the African Americans? political and physical freedoms from slavery. ?Antislavery activity began in colonial days. During the 1680s, Quakers in protoactinium condemned slavery on moral grounds. In the late 1700s, several leaders of the American revolut... ...han the Non Violent Movement. Front runners like Malcolm X and other prestigious faces such as Huey P. Newton and Bud Siegel who together formed the nasty Panthers all recalld that the exsanguine man was the problem and that in order to realize advert rights that African Americans needed to start fighting brush aside with fire and bullets with bullets instead of the more passive ways of Reverend Martin Luther King jr. ( Aretha, Chronicles pr. 261-300)In conclusion I believe that the law has provided African Americans with equal ri ghts as whites scarce I believe that they may still appear not to be equal. In the 21st century I belive and whop that there are many laws that seem to make African Americans and white equals but there is still much discrimination in the world. I also believe that the racism is not as bad but still exist, it just isn?t as blatant and in your face as it was in the past. African Americans still have trouble get jobs, being accepted into organizations and colleges or university, But I do believe that we have made a 900 degree turn from the time where ? aslant? and ?White? signs decorated the front of every doorway, restroom and waterfountian in the Confederate U.S

The Transition from Childhood to Adulthood in Joyce Carol Oates Where

The Transition from Childhood to Adulthood in Joyce Carol Oates Where Are You Going, Where cook You Been?All people experience changes in their liveliness. Some of these changes ar small such as the passing from wizard grade to another in school. Other changes argon more intense, such as the transition from childhood to adulthood. In Joyce Carol Oates? ?Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?? Oates goes into depth regarding the transition from being a carefree, innocent child to adulthood. In the short story ?Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?? two separate worlds are drawn to the reader?s attention. The first is the normal daily life of Connie, a fifteen year old little female child living in a home with her parents. Connie?s daily life is simple childhood. The sanction is the day Arnold Friend shows up at her doorstep and brings with him the difficulties of what the future holds. Connie is expound as being an attractive fifteen year old girl whose actions are ste reotypical of what whizz might expect from a girl her age. She spends her time listening to music, shopping, daydreaming, having fun, and trying to meet boys. Her friends share the same interests and when they are together they, ?would lean together and whisper and laugh secretly?. ( ) Connie puts on two different shows, one to her friends and a completely separate one to her family. ?Everything about her had two sides to it, one for home and one for anywhere that was not home.?( ) Connie does not show any real affection ...

David Guterson And His Use Of The Theme Of Nature Essay -- essays rese

David Guterson and His Use of the Theme of NatureDavid Guterson, a immature American author, has written two major worksregarding aspects of human spirit and human emotions. His first publication, acollection of unequal stories, entitled The noncurrentoral Ahead of Us, The CountryBehind addresses some of the moral dilemmas that humans cause throughout theirlives. His first novel, Snow Falling on Cedars, narrates the trial of aJapanese man accused of murdering a white man in the post World War II era.Throughout his literary works, Guterson uses elements of genius land, trees,water and especially shock, as literal and metaphorical tools to develop and thaw conflicts.David Guterson uses the same aspects and characteristics of nature intwo different ways. First he describes in visual detail the literal or actual cause that elements of nature have on the characters in the story. But more importantly Guterson uses nature to convey substantial and symbolic meaning inthe lives of th e characters in his stories.One of the elements of nature that Guterson uses as a tool to developthe conflicts in Snow Falling on Cedars are the hemangioma simplex palm on the island.These fields represent an important source of income for the community.Traditionally the Japanese laborers worked the fields and the white Americansowned the fields. The question of the possession of seven acres of strawberryfields serves as the apparent motive for the murder of Carl Heine. To a topical anestheticJapanese fisherman, Kabuo (accused of murdering Carl Heine), the ownership ofthis land promises a secure future and in the end independence. ...she knewthat Kabuo wanted a strawberry field.. nothing more than that (Snow Falling 89).His dream...was obturate to him now, his strawberry land, his happiness (SnowFalling 456). The strawberry fields connected Kabuo to his past and symbolizeda continuity of life. My father planted the fathers of these (strawberry)plants (Snow Falling 362).Guterson as well as uses coke metaphorically to make the ownership of thestrawberry fields disappear and count unimportant in life (Snow covering thefields permitted the reader to veiw the ownership of the fields as a verymaterialistic and selfish thing). aft(prenominal) the snow has fallen it acts as apurifier to a... ...nd. The snowchanges in these scenes in the story as Gutersontells......................................................................Snow is also one of the elements that can also be traced throughGutersons earlier works. In Angels in the Snow Guterson uses snow in thevery same way that he uses snow as a metaphor in his novel. Angels in the Snowis a short story about the struggle for a man to maintain a truthful marriagewith his wife. In this story the snow that falls on Christmas eve symbolizesthe falling apart of his marriage due to unsurpassable problems. external thewindow a light snow blew down... in the yard the cuckold looked sprinkled withpowder(Angels 3). Guterson weaves a tale about moralistic troubles that beganin a young mans fragile past. Outside, the snow covered the last of the lawn.The world looked hushed, delicate and beautiful. ( Angels 7) This passagedescribes the delicate remembrances of the protagonists youthful days. Andthen, outside the falling snowflakes looked larger...a low revolve was forming...( Angels 12). This statement is offered as Gutersons main character begins toconfront his past conflicts.

Amblyopia Essays -- Medicine Medical Eye Papers

Amblyopia This paper provides a brief description of amblyopia and discusses afoot(predicate) research regarding the motion pathway in individuals with amblyopia. Amblyopia is a condition in which visual acuity in one fondness is greatly reduced. It is caused by lack of stimulation or disuse during visual development (Rose, 1998). Because the warmheartedness is not fully developed at birth (Jarvis, 1992, as cited in Rose, 1998), infants need stimulation to complete the visual neural pathway. When one or both nitty-grittys are inhibited, for example due to misalignment of one eye (strabismus) or a large difference in refractive role between two look (anisometropia), the neural pathway for the inhibited eye develops abnormally, or does not develop at all. At approximately hexad years of age eye development is complete (Stager, 1990, as cited in Rose, 1998). Before visual development is complete amblyopia can be hardened. If it is caught and treated at an early age, normal visio n can be uphold (Rose, 1998).There are several types of amblyopia. Researchers must be aware of the versatile types of amblyopia because the effects for each are not always consistent. Strabismic amblyopia is caused when the two eyes are out of alignment due to weak musculature. Anisometropic amblyopia is a result of a large difference in refractive superpower of an individuals eyes. Another form of amblyopia results when visual information does not reach the retina. This is called input deprivation amblyopia. Meridional amblyopia is a result of the diffused images caused by astigmatism. Researchers very much discover that there are differences between groups of amblyopes based on type. For example, Levi and his colleagues (1994) discovered differences in vernier acuity between anisomet... ...9-1944.Hess, R. F., & Anderson, S. J. (1993). Motion sensitivity and spatial undersampling in amblyopia. great deal Research, 33, 881-896.Hess, R. F., Demanins, R., & Bex, P. J. (1997). A reduced motion aftereffect in strabismic amblyopia. tidy sum Research, 37, 1303-1311.Kubova, Z., Miroslav, K., Juran, J., & Blakemore, C. (1996). Is the motion system relatively spared in amblyopia? Evidence from cortical evoked responses. Vision Research, 36, 181-190.Levi, D. M., Klein, S. A., & Wang, H. (1994). Amblyopic and peripheral vernier acuity a test-pedestal approach. Vision Research, 34, 3265-3292.Levi, D. M., & Polat, U. (1996). Neural plasticity in adults with amblyopia Abstract. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the unify States, 93, 6830.Rose, S. E. (1998). Amblyopia the silent thief. The Journal of School Health, 68, 2, 76-79.