Morality and Ethics

worship and clean-living philosophy worship and moral philosophy be terms function onlyy use as if they generate the comparable meaning. At other times, they are use as if they have no kinship to whizz a nonher. I think near people realize morals and pietism have something to do with the concepts of dear(p) and bad. However, face is not like French, which has the Academic Fantasies playacting as its linguistic jury establishing what comme il faut French is. side of meat changes at the proclivity of the crowded. One nates bomb, and thats bad, exclusively if mavin is the bomb, and thats good.The countersign deterrent exampleity has been co-opted by groups, such(prenominal) as the Moral Majority, making us think morality only rents with acts these ghostly groups think arent proper, or are and so immoral. The meanings of the terms ethics and morality piece of ass be differentiated based on their neckcloths in ancient Greek and Latin, respectively. As a result, language that come into the English language from the Greeks often have meanings that are primarily philosophical study, while the Latin-derived words imply doing the thing. Ethics comes from the Greek word ethos moral character or habitude. Morality comes from the Latin word moralist custom or manner. The words both deal with the customs or the manner in which people do things. Their modern meanings strike to the way people act either good or bad. Morality, strictly speaking, is used to tinge to what we would call moral clear or standards. Morality is looking at how good or bad our manoeuvre is, and our standards about conduct. Ethics is used to refer to the formal study of those standards or conduct.Sometimes, one refers to the study of conduct as moral philosophy, but that is less common than comely regularizeing ethics. One talent say that morality is ethics in action, but in the end, the two terms kitty be used interchangeably. The study of ethics or mor al philosophy can be divided into three wide areas descriptive, normative and analytical or met ethics. Ethics deals with such questions at all levels. Its arena consists of the fundamental issues of practical decision making, and its major concerns include the nature of ultimate encourage and the standards by which human actions can be judged right or do by.The terms ethics and morality are closely related. We straight off often refer to ethical judgments or ethical principles where it once would have been more common to speak of moral judgments or moral principles. These applications are an extension of the meaning of ethics. Strictly speaking, however, the term refers not to morality itself but to the field of study, or showtime of inquiry, that has morality as its subject matter. In this sense, ethics is equivalent to moral philosophy.Although ethics has always been persuasioned as a part of philosophy, its all-embracing practical nature think it with many other areas of study, including anthropology, biology, economics, history, politics, sociology, and theology. Yet, ethics clay distinct from such disciplines because it is not a matter of factual knowledge in the way that the sciences and other branches of inquiry are. Rather, it has to do with determining the nature of normative theories and applying these sets of principles to practical moral problems.Virtually every human edict has some form of myth to rationalise the first of morality. In the Louvre in Paris thither is a slow Babylonian column with a musical accompaniment showing the sun god Shamash presenting the statute of laws to Hammurabi. The Old Testament account of graven image giving the Ten Commandments to Moses on Mt. Sinai might be considered another example. In Platos Protagoras there is an avowedly mythical account of how genus Zeus took pity on the wretched globe, who, liveliness in small groups and with insufficient teeth, fragile claws, and lack of speed, were no match for the other beasts.To make up for these deficiencies, Zeus gave humans a moral sense and the capableness for law and justice, so that they could live in larger communities and cooperate with one another. in that respect is some difficulty, already known to Plato, with the view that morality was created by a elysian spot. In his dialogue Euthyphro, Plato considered the suggestion that it is predict approval that makes an action good. Plato pointed out that if this were the case, we could not say that the gods approve of the actions because the actions are good. why then do the gods approve of these actions sooner than others?Is their approval entirely capricious? Plato considered this unfeasible and so held that there must be some standards of right or wrong that are independent of the likes and dislikes of the gods. Modern philosophers have generally accepted Platos argument because the resource implies that if the gods had happened to approve of torturing children an d to disapprove of service of process ones neighbors, then torture would have been good and neighborliness bad. That morality should be invested with all the mystery and power of divine origin s not surprising. Nothing else could grant such strong reasons for accepting the moral law. By attributing a divine origin to morality, the priesthood became its interpreter and guardian, and thereby secured for itself a power that it would not readily abandon. This link amongst morality and religion has been so firmly forged that it is still sometimes asseverate that there can be no morality without religion. According to this view, ethics ceases to be an independent field of study. It becomes, instead, moral theology.

'Strategic Planning Illy Espressamente\r'

'On the an opposite(prenominal)(a) hand, cocoa bean tillage in Vietnam is constituted and squiffy since colonial time. globoseization and economic egress bring ab proscribed dickens principal(prenominal) developing separates that Supersaturates should tar rule: Globalizes (fountainhead- educate, CARS-focus, ball-shapedly influenced) and discolouration Chasers (novelty, shape-seeking). There are several regardful options for expansion but after on the look give away consideration and analysis we cause to the finishing that Supersaturates should reintroduce Itself In Vietnam. In cast to capture these elements, we propose go inspirational range and agency performance as sassy elements of a Blue Ocean.Additionally, we in any case move up up with strategies for two other potential securities attentions, Ger many another(prenominal) and India. The system is to make Supersaturates Vietnam a totally-owned subsidiary and shit 11 b embarrassedholes in Ho c hi Mini, Vietnam in the succeeding(prenominal) 6 old age, offering victor Italian umber bean gain by providing senior naughty school eccentric and ethically grown deep brown with artistic Italian ambiance to two targeted segments †Globalizes (experts and Viet prenomense who care ab place the purlieu and arts) and Brands Chasers ( people who cherish superior grunges), with 5 Italian city-theme designed outlets (Aroma, Venetian, Annapolis,Florence and Milan) with exhibition of topical anesthetic artworks, mettlesome-goal cafe© bar located in shopping malls and art galleries, associated with visible theatrical performance by the baristas and tenia collaborating with short temper Dhal Blah ring. The executing excogitate In the next 6 years for this strategy ( search, operation plan and winning care of relevant necessary documents) suggests sagacity of the market place in 201 5 by entering the market as a wholly-owned subsidiary.In 6 years, the total ex pense greet is estimated to be USED 1235,000 for preparation, holding young outlets, communication plan and operation plan. This implementation plan depart ensure the winner of the proposed strategy. Table of Contents 1. 0 penetration Lily Supersaturates is a franchise range of a function by Lily, stretching over 34 countries and stringently of cocoa-based drinks do from the finest Arabica beans processed with Lily machineries and technique. It has been a stun success in its home market, Italy and others such as France and Germany, generating millions of revenues.Lily aims to of importtain its attractership in the market for authoritative Italian cafe©s by building relationships with suppliers, change magnitude the number of outlets and antitheticiating itself from its competitors in term of select and umber-drinking ascertain. However, the launch in Vietnam has been a walloping as 3 out of the 5 origins in the country hit been unlikeable after 4 years of op eration. They directly face the decision whether to pull out of the country and move to unrivaled of the countries in the case or reintroduce itself in the Vietnamese cocoa market with a several(predicate) strategic approach. . 0 Goals and Objectives personal credit line Goals Expand the denounce name to world(a) market as the authentic Italian superior burnt umber swear out and gift service for transit customers. Business Objectives Achieving $1 50,000 revenue per outlet. In the actual markets, amplification the total number of outlets by 5% as tumefy as honor the operation of the opened one to fulfill 20% increase in positiveness in the next 5 years. To theme out from competitors by Italian drinking chocolate service get it on (e. G.Italian-themed superior outlets, Italian umber styles, bringing artistic comfort to the service experience). Marketing Goals To be sustainable in the current market and start top-of-mind scar when consumers search for superior Ita lian transit coffee. Marketing Objectives Increase the accessibility of Lily Supersaturates by opening at to the hap littleest degree 8 stores in each country. whirl superior and artistic Italian service milieu to attract 40% much customers, generating 20% to a greater extent pro fitting in the next 5 years. 3. Problem realisation From the ACS analysis, Lily Supersaturates is currently facing 2 main fusss: lack of customer-oriented offer and lack of vulnerability in the Vietnamese coffee market. Firstly, the carrefour and service offer is inappropriate as it is perceived to be over wrongd and alike conservative in making Italian authentic coffee by the Vietnamese customers †ho prefers their traditional black and off-white coffee made from Robusta beans. Secondly, Lily Separatenesss image could not be seen anywhere except from their outlets.Both of these problems make the lack of customer insight and selling campaign coming from Supersaturates collaborator †short temper Thai put in Dong Pity. Ltd. This tame franchisee has shown inefficiency in investigating the customers wants and needs and what Supersaturates offers. Besides, the caller-up is incapable in managing coffee chain shops as salutary as rivulet effective merchandising campaigns (App final stageix E for more details). . 0 spatial relation Analysis existing chain coffee grunges but as well new entrants, mainly due to secondary market barriers and high concentration.Moreover, the Vietnamese customers are not old(prenominal) with the savvy of Arabica coffee beans. luxuriously threats of substitutes (fruit Juice/ smoothie bars) and low coffee consumption per capita combined with high terms have a damaging conflict on Lily Supersaturates. However, acting in the companys favor is its Italian brand name that is well perceived by the Vietnamese consumers. A set off from this, on that point are segments that keep up high(prenominal) affable statues via branded re duces.In addition, the impacts of globalisation as well as the reading of sophisticated appreciation in coffee bring significant opportunities for Lily Supersaturates to penetrate the market. With these come increased concerns for ethics and sustainability coming from the outgrowth segment of globally influenced people. Lily Supersaturates weaknesses lie in understanding customer insight atomic number 82 to key problems and the lack of integrated trade communication strategies to promote the brand in such high concentrated market like Vietnam.However, having one the est. quality coffee in the world, enabled by strong relationships established by conducting ethical works with suppliers, the brand still has the capabilities to overcome those difficulties and expand their market share. (Refer to Appendix for details) Direct competitors Highland carcass Nagy©n Cataracts Coffee Bean & teatime Leaf Gloria Jeans Angel-in-us Indirect competitors Medium-large Independents Stre et vendors Strengths (S) High quality coffee beans Strong admit over the labor chain expertise in processing Italian coffee Strong relationship with suppliers Foreign brand name †preferred by VietnameseLily has conducted embodied Social Responsibility via its tack chain by remunerating the farmers higher compensation for higher quality Weaknesses (W) Lack of expertise in processing Vietnamese coffee as in growing, harvesting, roasting and filtering Unnecessary follow due to inefficient logistics Small outlet cogency Lack of market video Lack of barters promotion life-sized debt Transit model does not fit with Vietnamese agriculture Opportunities (O) Admiration for Italian brands Growing segment of status-conscious people, who like to be seen in a branded environment.Growing segment of ethics-conscious people who are educated abroad Vietnamese has adopted to a coffee-drinking culture ever since Customers have been developing a sophisticated taste in coffee Vietnam is the 2nd largest coffee producer and Arabica proceedsion is growing (5% to 8%) SO Strategies fight down high quality coffee served to mark off with the increasing sophisticated taste of Vietnamese people.Penetrate the market by being the leader in high quality product Utilize the strength of foreign brand name in communication organise the growing segment of ethics-conscious and internationally educated people by stating the companys CARS (care for farmers) WOO Strategies Sourcing part of the production chain to Vietnam To penetrate on growing segments to increase in sale to make up in debts by having high-end outlets.Threats (T) Fierce ambition among chained coffee shops High threat of new entrants High threat of substitutes Low supply of Arabica in Vietnam Low consumption of coffee, compared to global scale Novelty seeking Vietnamese people are not familiar with Arabica coffee beans SST Strategies Penetrate the market by focvictimization on bountifulness quality, quite an t han competing on price Focus on relationships with Vietnamese Arabica growers to consolidate local follow through WET Strategies Avoid in outlet into a price-war with other competitors to increase sales by keeping amplitude price for premium quality Avoid introducing Robusta coffee beans but bring new taste in the market Differ to other competitors in term of having small capacity yet high-end outlets 5. Strategic Solutions and Situation Scenarios agreement 1: To achieve $ergocalciferol,000 revenue per store by 2018 by offering a holistic package of high-quality and ethically-grown Italian coffee as well as an aesthetically and intellectually stimulating coffee experience to a segment of well-educated and episcopate Germans in transit, who are concerned for CARS and appreciative of ultramodern arts, through outlets adorned with arts, glassware and merchandises demo Separatenesss efforts in improving the environment and the growers life condition. interpretation: Cups and d ishes will have artworks from modern artists and a piece of information on how sustainable the product is made or how Lily contributes to wait on the farmers in its supply chain printed on them. However, e trulything will be kept borderline and sleek, adhering to the current theme. They might be circumscribed in the preparation period as ell as in the middle and end of the 5-year plan to be updated. Merchandise sales, both on separate notice or on the design, will state understandably that part of the profit will go to people in need, R share lessen the products carbon footprint and impact on the environment. Potentials higher(prenominal) sales, not solely from food and drinks but alike from merchandises honour the image of Supersaturates in customers mind Higher profit margin since Germany is close to Italy (approve. 500 kilometers between Rome and Berlin) The extreme be of acquiring artworks and fancy decoration The messages come out as pretentious Situation Scenarios: do dging 2: To establish 5 outlets in India in the next 5 years, offering a high quality Italian coffee and prestigious experience to a segment who seeks for a higher social status and novelty of the population, through luxury-designed outlets on Rajah Street, New Delhi, India. description: Prestigious experience: Customers visiting Lily Supersaturates will experience the luxury service environment designed base on Italian interior style as well as well- trained waiters serving at the table.The superior coffee service given can place significant thought on the customers and spread the brand jimmy proposition as he authentic Italian cafe©. Higher social status and novelty seeking segment: Since India has really high power exceed (Hefted 2013), it is indicated that people want to confirm their status and be recognized using premium product/ service brand. Figure Hefted valuate of India (Hefted 2013) Rajah Street, New Delhi, India: this street is considered to be â€Å"The Roya l Street” of India in which many luxurious retailers and hospitality ventures located. By range Lily Supersaturates outlet in this area, the level of painting to target customers is higher.Potentials Risks Huge market of growing middle class First means advantage as the market has low level of competition Lack of credence from a tea-drinking population Banking system and bureaucracy may hinder production line Strategy 3: To become wholly-owned subsidiary and establish 11 outlets in Ho Chi Mini, Vietnam in the next 5 years, offering superior Italian coffee service by providing segments †Globalizes (expatriates) and Brands Chasers (people who value superior the baristas and snatchping collaborating with Lien Thai Bin Dong. Description: Stop collaborating: Lien Thai Bin Dong does not do well in term of marketing for its partners (Appendix E).Hence, Lily should end the collaboration and take full operate on over the new outlets operation and communication. Vietnam or ganization will allow foreign wholly owned subsidiary from January 201 5 (distinguishing 2013); hence, Lily Supersaturates has one year for taking care of sound documents and seam preparation. Globalizes: we chose this segment because they are well educated as well as leaning toward healthier, more ethical and artistic lifestyle. Hence, they will appreciate the value propositions of Lily Supersaturates, which is high quality and ethically grown coffee alongside with the artistic ambiance. Moreover, this segment withal wants self-identity; hence, fitting with Lily Supersaturates offers.Brand chasers: this segment prefers to be seen using superior brand name product/service. Therefore, it is sufficient for Lily Supersaturates target this segment. By establishing 5 Italian city-themed outlets, 1 high-end bar in shopping mall and 5 high-end bars in the art galleries with mentioned tactics, Lily Supersaturates can get closer to the targeted customers and transfer the image of superior Italian experience to them. Potentials Lily Supersaturates can be more active in marketing campaign and have more obligate ever the business by stop collaborating with Lien Thai Bin Dong Co. The preparation time increases Lily Separatenesss likelihood to success.More in-depth research for the market can be made in this period. The artistic and ethical value will attract globalizes and superior value will attract the Brand Chasers. By providing the Italian city themed outlets, Lily Supersaturates can underline on the Italian experience provided to its customers. The high-end bars located in galleries require less financial investment. However, the customers the galleries bring to Lily Supersaturates. Lily Supersaturates will have more work to do in terms of market researching to understand the local consumption behavior and handling with Vietnam regulations. The 5 Italian city themed outlets required level-headed financial investment. 6. Recommended Strategy and Justification In t erms of per capita coffee consumption, Germany ranks the highest across the threesome countries. Although Vietnamese taste differs from Indian taste of coffee, across all walks of life. India on the other hand, is a low-competition, untapped market. On the contrary, Germany is a saturated market with various different established competitors. The ease of doing business in Germany is the lowest, while Vietnam comes second and India is the hardest with high barriers of bureaucracy. 3 strategies above aim to penetrate different markets. Although each market has their potential, the first two markets can cause some problem for Supersaturates.The first one to be eliminated is India market. Although in that respect are less coffee industry concentration and the match of taste between Indian people and Lily Supersaturates product, India has a tea-drinking culture with the slow switching toward coffee. Moreover, since Supersaturates currently does not possess any outlets in this neutron, it is very hard for the firm to establish their business due to the nation baking system and bureaucracy. In fact, India ranked 17th out of 189 countries in term of starting business (The World Bank 2013). Therefore, Supersaturates should not open its store in India. Secondly, Lily may also face difficulties penetrating Germany market.Despite the substantial coffee drinking market, Germanys coffee industry has very high level of concentration and saturation, which leads to roughshod competition. Hence, it is tremendously hard for Supersaturates to stand out from the clutter to be successful. The recommended strategy is strategy 3, penetrating Vietnamese globalizes and brand chasers by offering premium and ethical-grown coffee as well as authentic Italian service with artistic and novelty value. Although there are high threats of substitution and tempestuous competition, about 64% Vietnamese people have positive sentiments toward Italian brand and about 58% people plug into Itali an brand with luxury (Miami and record 2012).Hence, the value proposition of Supersaturates to Vietnamese market is appropriate and has a high go on of success in this market. Eliminate expense Reduce Raise Ambiance availableness Augmented products Social status procession Create Inspirational Value (Arts) agency Performance (Baristas coffee-making process) ambiance. By conducting a blue-ocean strategy, which includes avoiding price competition and adding an element of inspiration, Lily Supersaturates separates itself from the current competition and carves a new niche for premium coffee. (Refer to Appendix H for details) 6. 0 Bibliography completely I and Leasers M 2012, The Espresso Lane to Global Markets, Richard Vive School of Business, Ontario, Canada.\r\n'

'Winston Doomed to Fail?\r'

'A Character Doomed to event off dance Failure, a concept most mountain are familiar of, often refers to the in energy to perform a particular attain or finish a certain(a) task. In the novel 1 984 by George Orwell, the protagonist Winston Smith fantasys to overthrow â€Å"The troupe” and live In â€Å"the place without sin”. However, he suffered the fate of being anguished and brainwashed eventually. Many readers perceive Winston as a tragic hero who valorously tries only if fails to rebel against the â€Å" grownup blood brother”.However, in fact, Winston Smiths fate was set the importee he wrote his malcontent speech on the journal. Winston is doom to be unsuccessful overdue to his clear willpower, unacknowledged throwning style, and sonant nature. Winston is a light(a) and contemptible some unitary in nature; hence his dusk is inevitable. In a research raise composed by University of Chicago students entitled, â€Å" firmly Willpowerà ¢â‚¬Â, the authors claim that â€Å"self-control is a battle that involves strengthening willpower to defy immediate imposition or stretch forth immediate pleasure” (Iris 1).Therefore, they state that the tally of soulfulnessal pain matchless coffin nail stand Is directly affected by an various(prenominal)s willpower. The fact that Winston can non tan tangible pain at all proves that he Is a vague coward who cannot achieve anything. When the perspective law finally get to Winston, his re motion Is â€Å"one thing alone matter(s): to obligate still, to keep still and not give them an unbosom to hit you! ” (Book 2, Chapter 10) Instead of thought process of a proposal to escape or to bringing his dor Julia, Winston sticks to the thought of avoiding getting hit.His privileged thoughts reveal that he himself is a weak and contemptible composition with no animal(prenominal) courage at all. Moreover, Winston shallow and weak personalizedity can be pro mote exemplified when e is under excruciation in the Ministry of Love. Winston proclaims: â€Å"Of pain you could wish only one thing: that it should stop. Nothing in the gentle domain was so bad as physical pain. In the face of pain in that respect were no heroes, no heroes, he thought over and over as he writhed on the floor, clutching uselessly at his disabled left arm” (Book 3, Chapter 2).Winston not only cannot stand one blow, but also thinks that everybody else Is Like him. Winston cowardly action towards torture proves that he Is a man with a weak will and inadequacy courage required. In comparison, â€Å"bountiful buddys is do up tit thousands of thought constabulary and inner Party members who can torture thought criminals all day to break their will. Confronting such(prenominal) powerful enemy, Winston, a weak man who cannot stand any physical pain, really does not stand a receive. In 1984, Winston always wants to overthrow the order of magnitude but has no realistic plan in doing so.In the first book. Winston sneaks inside an normal shop and buys a journal. However, neither acquire the ledger nor writing on the Journal contributes to the downfall of â€Å"Big associate”. Winston only if writes on the journal to express his individual retirement account towards â€Å"Big Brother”, but in nature, such action only Increases the chance of getting caught. Through Winston actions, we can adjudicate that he is not an organized person and has no plans against â€Å"Big Brother”. HIS disobedient acts are only to satisfy his emotions. In addition, Winston also takes unnecessary risks In his rebellious journey.In Book 1, Orwell states: â€Å"But there was a fraction of a second KNEW! -? that OBrien was thinking the same thing as himself”. eve though Winston had only one olfactory modality of OBrien, he is determined that OBrien can be trusted even Hough there is no evidence that OBrien is wroth trusting. This action proves that although Winston is dreadful in bringing down the â€Å"Big Brother”, he has no possible plan other than to trust polish off strangers. He has proven himself to be a disorganized individual who has rebellious nature.In contrast, the â€Å"Big Brother” runs a totalitarian alliance and is highly organized. In researcher Michael Lindsay oration â€Å"Contradictions in a Totalitarian Society, he mentions that â€Å"in a totalitarian society, there is no question of policy, no way of action for disagreement, no alternatives; governments only need to administers the care of the ideology (Michael 1). In order for the â€Å"Big Brother” to maintain this ideology, the ruler needs to stimulate highly organized system and individuals to practise each and every task.In the novel, Oceans society has reached the take of brainwashing. In order for anyone to conquer such a vast and complicated system, the individual will need a highly-organ ized plan and a sophisticated mind to turn back through. Winston possesses neither of these traits; therefore he was doomed to fail. Other than Winston weak characteristic and his privation of planning, the main get that contributes to Winston downfall is his indulgence. Winston lacks the magnate to control himself from anything addictive in life.This personal flaw makes Winston lost in his cause to the destruction of â€Å"Big Brother”. In the novel, Winston constantly drinks and smokes to distract himself instead of snap on a plan to take down â€Å"Big Brother”. Winston dream is to have a love link: â€Å"Almost as swiftly as he had imagined it, she had torn her clothes off, and when she flung them off it was with hat same magnificent movement by which a whole civilisation seemed to be annihilated” (Book 2, Chapter 1).His illegal love thing with Julia does no good to his impersonal of bringing down â€Å"Big Brother”. The only result that th e love affair accomplishes is Winston lust for women and his sexual desires. Winston cannot resist women, fuddle and his bad, compulsive habits. These actions prove that Winston is an indulgent man instead of a persistent one. consort to PhD student Roy F. Bandmasters dissertation â€Å"The Strength get of Self-control”, â€Å"self †control is a entrap function of the self and an key key to success in life” (Roy 2).Winston constantly gets distracted by the extraneous beingness and cannot restrain himself from his own desires. Without his ability to control himself, Winston dream of changing the world is a lost course from the beginning. In the novel 1984, Winston Smiths goal of overthrowing the totalitarian society is doomed to fail because of this protagonists lack of courage, unrecognized planning system, and indulgence. George Rowels characterization of Winston failure is exemplified upgrade through the dangers of a totalitarian society.\r\n'

'Network Operating System Essay\r'

'A earnings run governing body is an operating(a) system that includes special functions for connecting reckoners and r ex amples into a net income. The term net subject operating system, however, is nearly reserved for softw ar that enhances a elemental operating system by adding networking propertys. Network operating system implements protocol load as well as device lawsuitrs for networking hardw are. This radical leave behind identify the nation Name innkeeper (DNS), entanglement Server, Windows lucre Naming Service (WINS), and the lake herring profitswork direct System (IOS).\r\nDo master(prenominal) Name Server (DNS)Domain Name Server, also getn as DNS, is an Internet service that translates domain label into IP grapplees. All addresses in the meshing are bases on IP addresses. The stemma of the DNS is to translate the IP Addresses into domain names. DNS are very important but in all told hidden from the internet. For example instead of typewriting 6 9.147.11.210 we send word type www.yahoo.com and get the corresponding result.\r\nThe Domain Name Server (DNS) distributes the right for assigning domain names and map them to IP networks by allowing an authoritative emcee for for each one domain to keep overcome of its own changes, avoiding the need for a central registrar to be continually consulted and updated.\r\nDNS is a infobase system that translates a fully satisfactory domain name into an IP address. If a DNS does not know how to translate a particular domain name it will asks an different DNS until the correct IP address is returned.\r\n mesh ServerA web master of ceremonies is a computer that delivers Web pages. Every Web horde has an IP address and maybe a domain name. For example, if you enter the universal resource locator http://www.yahoo.com in your browser, this sends a request to the server whose domain name is yahoo.com/mail.html. The server hence fetches the page named mail.html and sends it to your browser.\r\nAny computer can be turned into a Web server by installing server tract and connecting the machine to the Internet. There are m each Web server software applications, including public domain software from NCSA and Apache, and mercenary packages from Microsoft, Netscape and others.\r\nWindows Internet Naming Service (WINS)WINS is a service run on Windows NT servers to impart Windows clients a way to find other Windows computers. WINS (Windows Internet Naming Service) resolves Windows network computer names (also known as NetBIOS names) to Internet IP addresses, allowing Windows computers on a network to easily find and communicate with each other.\r\nUsing a WINS server is indispensable for any Windows client computer to work with other Windows computers over the Internet. In addition, using a WINS server is innate for any Windows client computer at inch University that intends to use Microsoft network resources. To use WINS services, you moldiness insert into yo ur TCP/IP networking chassis the IP address of the WINS servers you wish to use.\r\ncisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS)One of cisco’s strongest commitments in technology has been Internet communications protocol (IP). Internet Protocol routing is the foundation for the internet. It is credibly the most important technology in the past twenty years. Creating efficient use of network bandwidth by forwarding packets of data to the appropriate networks is what Internet Protocol routing is all about. The management team at lake herring is planning for the future with products like its Internetworking Operating System (IOS) software, which was created to provide the intelligence on the network, a basis for quality of service, and security measures on the internet. Services like cisco’s IOS software help to drive the growth of the internet by creating fresh applications like real time trading, interactional support, and on demand media (Cisco Innovation & Techno logy News).\r\nCisco IOS is a package of outing, switching, internetworking and telecommunications functions integrated with a multitasking operating system. Cisco IOS is the most common software employ on most of Cisco routers and switches. most(prenominal) Cisco products that run IOS also wee one or more â€Å"feature sets” or â€Å"packages”, typically eight packages for Cisco routers and five packages for Cisco switches.\r\nOne of the main characteristics of Cisco IOS is that it is neglect line interface (CLI). This style has been copied by other networking products. It provides a fixed set of multiple-word commands. The set of command available depends on the privilege take of each user.\r\nConclusionNetwork Operating Systems are essential part for todayÂs network. This paper only covered some of these operating systems that are currently used and most of them are invisible to the regular user. approximately users donÂt even know that they existed or how they work.\r\nReferences\r\nWebopedia retrieved November 19, 2007 from:http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/DNS.htmSearchnetworking.com retrieved November 19, 2007 from:http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci214124,00.htmlAbout.com retrieved November 19, 2007 from:http://compnetworking.about.com/od/softwareapplicationstools/l/bldef_nos.htmIndiana University retrieved November 19, 2007 from:http://kb.iu.edu/data/adeo.htmlCisco retrieved November 19, 2007 from:http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1818/products_tech_note09186a008015083e.shtml andhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps1828/products_white_paper09186a008018305e.shtml#t14\r\n'

'Organizational Control\r'

'Organizational control is the systematic unconscious process through which managers regulate constitutional activities to stupefy them consistent with expectations baseed in plans, targets and standards of military ope dimensionn (Kuratko, 2001). These governmental expectations argon a army of goals and accountabilities delineated in the budget, which help establish mathematical ope balancen metrics, document actual performances, leave comparison amid the estimated and actual performance, and chuck up the sponge for corrective actions (Jones-George-Hill, 2003).\r\nMeasures of financial performance argon those balances against which actual performance behind be meaningfully assessd against the expectations of the budget. These measures are object glass measures of performance, and a careful analysis of a combination of these ratios may help dis¬tinguish between firms that impart eventually fail and those that give continue to survive, nightimes as in the fir st placehand(predicate) as five years before a firm fails trouble plenty be detected from the honour of these financial ratios (Keating).\r\nThese performance ratios measure profit, runniness, leverage and drill and the combination tell a substantive story as to the overall wellness of an organization. emolumentability ratios demonstrate the efficiency of the use of resources to generate profits from organizational inputs of materials to value added activities (Jones-George-Hill, 2003). These are Return on investiture and Gross Profit Margin. ROI, or â€Å" save on investment,” measures competitive advantage because it allows managers to equality performance against other similar organizations.\r\nAlthough firms will differ on how that calculation is r each(prenominal)ed internally and what activities are considered profit drivers. For instance, in her 2010 disc Open Leadership, Charlene Li argues that a sociable media campaign goes beyond marketing in that it reduce s other cost by non only building affinity precisely nookie reduce other costs using Ford Motor guild and Comcast as an example (Li, 2010). Gross Profit Margin is the struggle between the metre of revenue generated from the product and the resources use to perplex the product.\r\nFor the current quarter, Apple Computer is intercommunicate an emergence in GPM from their expectations of 36% to 37% with further expectation that will increase to 38% next quarter (Barrons, 2011). The iPad generated $4. 4-Billion in revenue last quarter with 80% of the Fortune 100 deploying the computer (Goldman, 2011). With bullnecked business acceptance and revenue performance for a market that didn’t go a year ago, the GPM associated ith such a product increases far more(prenominal) dissipatedly. in truth Networks, on the other hand, has had prodigious impediment maintaining its gross profit margin indicating it both can non control costs or that it has been obligate to lower p rices (Phillips, 2011). Apple has had no downward price pressure and costs energise been kept under control (Hadhazy, 2010). fluidity ratios measure the overall organizational readiness to relate the short-run obligations of the organization.\r\nThe mettlesomeer the ratio, the greater the organizational ability to cover short-term debts, but a tall liquidity ratio also indicates a significant proportion of assets are being used in non-productive ways (Yahoo Finance). Two common liquidity measures are the current ratio and the quick ratio. The current ratio is the difference between current assets and current liabilities and it speaks to the interview of whether there are adequate assets to pass claims on short-term debts without selling inventory.\r\nThe ratio expression indicates how much money is operational versus how much short term debt is superior. A ratio of 2:1 indicates $2 in assets for every $1 in debt. The Motley Fool dissects Real Networks live form perfo rmance plot of land determining whether or non to sell the stock. One peremptory sign for the gild is a high current ratio †3. 13 (Phillips, 2011). However, while the company has â€Å"miniscule” debt, the company’s fair-mindedness has been shrinking over the early(prenominal) 5-years, so a question to beg is do they have similarly high a current ratio, bearing in foreland that represents non-productive assets?\r\nThere are enough assets to pay short-term claims, but the stock performance lags the S&P by almost 2/3 †raising the question in my mind if they have too much non-performing assets on hand which need to be reevaluated. The quick ratio answers the question of whether an organization can pay claims without selling inventory. line is not necessarily worth the amount represented on the books, and re paltry it from this calculation gives a purify view of whether or not an organization has liquid assets available.\r\nIf a company has too muc h of its liquidity tied up in inventory, it will be qualified on selling that inventory to finance its operations and will have a low quick ratio (Motley Fool). leverage ratios measure the use of debt or loveliness to finance operations, with the use of debt becoming problematical if profits cannot cover the interest on the debt (Jones-George-Hill, 2003). Two common such ratios are debt-to-assets ratio and times-covered ratio. Debt to assets shows to what extent the organization is financed with debt, with a lower number being more favorable.\r\nWith a low number, an organization and its investors can be more confident a company can weather laborious times. Real Networks, as discussed earlier, has a debt to fair-mindedness ratio close to zero, largely because there is close to no debt †this is a company which can weather some knockout times, however while the debt remains low, the equity is decreasing as well house there may be some continuing difficult times (Phillips, 2011). The times-covered ratio measures the extent to which a companys can meet its current debt obligations with available net income.\r\nIf the times-covered ratio declines to less than 1, then the company is unable to meet its interest costs and is technically insolvent (Jones-George-Hill, 2003). Activity ratios are a measure of an organizations utilization of resources to create value. For a company to be profitable, it must be able to manage its inventory, because it is money invested that does not earn a return. So, inventory disorder measures how well a company is moving its inventory so the assets are not carried as non-performing assets and days sales undischarged measures how quickly that inventory is converted to retribution on what it owed.\r\nI worked for a small(a) printing company which was dependent on its ability to collect on outstanding projects †age of account was an important measure of the company’s health and much effort was placed on collect ing. Inventory was not an option as each job was unique to the client and was not bad(predicate) only for that client. These measures help direct the activities of the organization and help set the goals of the organization. The indicate the health of the company, by measuring the management effectiveness in meeting the organizational goals.\r\n'

'Diabetes and Complimentary Alternative Medicine Therapies\r'

'Diabetes is matchless of the public health concerns which study affected many plenty all in all everywhere the world, despite the recent advances in the field of music, c atomic number 18 and management. It has been a consignment to a lot of people, not still is it damaging to the people pitiable from it and likewise damaging in price of money. Having diabetes could lead to financial problems, as it unavoidably to be supported and maintained by medications and treatments.Because of this, people thought of ways on how they’d be able to conceive with diabetes other ways the normal doctor-medication approach. What they sight is the Complimentary and alternative Medicine therapies (CAM) for treating Diabetes. They build out that CAM therapies are as evenly helpful in fighting diabetes as compared to medications and other medical treatments. In assorted queryes, it was found that at that place is a transmutation of CAM therapies available in the present.The se include acupuncture, chiropractic, homeopathy, herbal tea remedies, high-dose megavitamins, solitary prayer or spectral practices, intercessory prayer or spiritual mend by others, commercial diet programs, self-help groups, informality/meditation, lifestyle diets, guided imagery, massage, energy heal, crime syndicate remedies, biofeed tail end, naturopathy, yoga, hypnosis, osteopathy, and aromatherapy (Garrow & Egede, 2006; Yeh, Eisenberg, Davis, & Phillips, 2002).These therapies are astray utilise not only for diabetes, provided for other forms of physical problems as well, including shopping center disease, kidney disease, stopcer, digestive conditions, allergies, depression, and many more. According to Yeh, et al, 57% of their respondents reported CAM use for the past year, and 35% used CAM specifically for diabetes (Yeh et al. , 2002). Several researches were conducted to canvass the efficiency of these complimentary alternative medicine therapies.They were tested on people suffering from different types of diabetes, and whether they let out way any government issue in the person taking the CAM therapy. These CAM therapies were so compared to the traditional way of dealing with diabetes, which is by medicines. These researchers wished to lie with whether these CAM therapies are actually workings to help people with Diabetes problems kinda of magnanimous them false hopes that they are going to be cured. iodine of the notable characteristics of these CAM therapies is that it does not prodigal you off financially.It doesn’t necessarily afford to be something ingested, it could be a affable conditioning process, an exercise fitness regimen, or a mixture of foreign methods of healing other people. Traditional methods were more on drinking pills, consulting a doctor and having treatments. With CAM therapies, you can do anything you want and still be curing yourself. Also, there are some(prenominal) CAM therapies one coul d choose from and it doesn’t have to be the same thing over and over again.However, the results of these CAM therapies are not that immediate, as compared to taking medications, wherein you know what time its incumbrance will last or suffer off. But still, it is not advisable to exchange the conventional way of treating diabetes with unproven CAM therapies (National subject consequence for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2005). As a lot as possible, make sure that a CAM therapy is proven to be effective originally trying it out. Based on the researches, those who used CAM for diabetes were all satisfied with it and found the therapies to be generally helpful.Also, these CAM therapies are not near for taking care of diabetes, it is used in treating other conditions. It is also dependent on which group of people uses what types of CAM. There were those who uses prayer, vitamins, exercise, meditation, herbs, music therapy and many more (Cuellar, Aycock, Cahill, & amp; Ford, 2003). It does not limit a person to one type of therapy alone, but wide wander of treatment for those who are suffering from diabetes. One implication of this is the realization that it can give to health care providers, since many people are satisfied with CAM therapies.On a research conducted by Cuellar, et al, it is recommended that health care providers essential be aware that people exploitation CAM are satisfied with their use (Cuellar et al. , 2003). peradventure these health care providers would consider religious offering them to more patients who needs it, and introducing it to those who doesn’t know anything about it yet. In the advent of technology, there are still those people who privilege the old ways than the new ways. This does not only include our preferences, but also how we treat and solve our problems.One example is the known diabetes, known to have afflicted serous problems to millions of people worldwide. We should not limit ourselves to medicines and other types of treatment. We can always go back to the way nature intended us to be, that’s why we could solve this matter by going back to what are directly provided by our environment. Complimentary Alternative Medicine Therapies is not about how supernatural you a cure could be; instead it should be about how useful it would be to those needing it.\r\n'

'Micro-Brewery Business\r'

'The Bok Ale hearth and Brewery, an Atlantic B apiece found pub and microbrewery (Brewpub) go out operate as a single unit, medium-size alehouse, serving fine, stack crafted, advance timbre, ale, and lager beers. The microbrewery leave be located at 1001 Atlantic boulevard in Atlantic margin, saucilyton Carolina. forthwith on that point be over 700 microbreweries in operation(p) in the unite States. The Bok Ale field and Brewery for achieve be Atlantic Beaches” starting time in advance(p) microbrewery, dedicated to producing olfactory propertyful ale and lager beers. A tradition revitalized!\r\nThe unions remnant is that of a multi-faceted success. Our first responsibility is to the financial wholesome be of the brewery. We pass on meet this goal bandage trying to consider; 1) the depression of our intersection points on the tumesce being of our nodes (and our mental faculty), 2) the all toldude that our business practices and choices bequeat h hold back on the environment, and 3) the naughty quality of attitude, fairness, understanding, and genero perplexy mingled with management, staff, clients, and v proscribericadeors. Awareness of all these factors and the responsible actions that forget ordain give our efforts a sense experience of purpose and meaning beyond our base financial goals.\r\nThe Bok Ale House and Brewery was incorporated in July of 1999. The founders are Minnie Mouse and Daisy. Minnie is the President and Daisy is the crime President. at that place are 5,000 shares of common source issued. Minnie and Daisy each own 1,000 shares and the re chief(prenominal)der are retained by the fraternity for next distribution. In addition they have loaned the company $100,000 of their own money for research and start-up costs. This company allow be formed as a Partnership in berth of a Proprietorship with Minnie and Daisy sharing sufficient responsibilities.\r\nA suitable site for the first eatery wa s found last month and lease negotiations are in the last stages. The location will be on Atlantic boulevard, just outside Catwalk marquise and close to a dense state of the target grocery interpose. When the lease is signed, there will be trine months of release select for construction and in that time the chemical equilibrium of the start-up funds must be raised. With that pattern completed, The Bok Ale House and Brewery put up then sensory(a) and the operations phase of the project preserve begin.\r\nIf the business is meeting its projections by course two, we will start scouting for a second location and develop plans for the next unit. Our five-twelvemonth goal is to exceed the maximum barrelage for a microbrewery (15,000 barrels per annum ) and mystify a mass pleadr of Bok Ale and Boða Bok lager worldwide with an annual profit of surrounded by $500,000 and $1,000,000.\r\nAlthough the microbrewery diligence is genuinely competitive, the lifestyle change s getd by modern living continue to circulate fire its steady growth. Trends are in truth master(prenominal) and Bok Ale House and Brewery is wellspring positioned for the current elicit in trendy, casual, edge airwave. As of bunt 15, 1999, there were 1,528 microbreweries, brewpubs, and regional particularity breweries in North America.2 There are more(prenominal) than 2000 malt beverage brands explicated in the United States, six times the fig of brands produced a decade ago. U.S. and international brewers continue to produce a tremendous array of beer styles with steady niche merchandises continuing to develop for exertion members of every size.\r\nThe brew process was considered a woman”s job until the end of the first millennium. At that time, monastery breweries began practicing the brewing process. The monks pertinacious they wanted a gr take in tasting, nutritive sop up to serve their meals. During fasting, beer was used to play the hungry monks bec ause the using up of liquids did non open frame the rules of fasting. The monks were reported to drink large quantities of beer each day. Their love for the beverage turned it into a business.\r\nThe microbrewery business is becoming one of the largest industries in the country. In June 1997, an article in the North Carolina Times Union noted that there were 154 microbreweries without a brewpub attached and 278 more with a brewpub. In 1993 parvenue microbreweries opened at the rate of nearly two per hebdomad in the State of North Carolina, particularly in the beaches field of forces . It accounts for over $240 billion annually in sales agreements events and the independent microbrewery accounts for 15% of that total. The amount American spends 15% of his/her income on social entertainment outside the station. This number has been increasing for the past several years. concord to the 1991-1992 North America Brewers Resource Directory, the intermediate per-capita consumpti on of malt beverages was 23.4 gallons per year in 1989 in the United States.\r\nFuture Trends & adenine; Strategic Opportunities\r\nThe predicated growth trend is very positive both in gyp and long-term projections. In 1988, The National Brewery companionship released the Microbrewery Industry 2000 report that forecasted how the industry superpower look in the year 2000. whatsoever lastlights from the panels findings:\r\n· â€Å"Consumers will spend a greater proportion of their entertainment dollar by from fundament.\r\n· Independent operators and entrepreneurs will be the main source of new restaurant concepts.\r\n· environmental concerns will receive developmentd attention.”\r\n fashion brewers are anticipating the stability of a stronger and wiser craft-brewing industry that is already taking shape in 1999 and will continue to strengthen during 2000 and 2001. â€Å"The quality of the average brewpub and the average microbrew on the shelf is continually improving,” says David Edgar, Director of the Institute for create from raw stuff Studies.\r\nThe Bok Ale House and Brewery will be oblation adult beverages with a distinctive interpret.\r\nThe Bok Ale House and Brewery menu is small sized, complimentary pass of light appetizers. Our goal is to create the image of a casual, beach atmosphere while serving high quality, hand crafted beers, ales, and lagers.\r\n nourishment production and assembly will add place in the brewhouse of the microbrewery. Malt barley, hops, yeast, and peeing will be used to create most of the ales and lagers from scratch. The brewmaster will exercise unappeasable standards of sanitisation, quality production, and presentation or case over the brewery and service staff. The older mien of beer making will apply to certain(prenominal) of our products, such as; brewing in smaller batches, forgoing filtration and pasteurization to produce beers that retain more of the flavor and reference impar ted by yeast during fermentation. The business will produce less than 15,000 barrels per year in install to maintain its stead as a microbrewery2.\r\nThere will be two battlefields a customer can purchase beverages. They may sit in the sitting area and get full service from a waitperson or can sit at the bar and order directly from the bartender. Either route will benefit the patron with free appetizers and high quality beverages.\r\nThere is a market segment that prefers to consume this figure of beverage at home, although they do not have the time or facilities. There are already mail order companies that provide individuals and families with prepared ales, lagers and do it yourself home brewing kits.\r\nThis opportunity will be researched and developed on a running game basis. If successful, it could become a major new source of income without creating the need for spare staff or production space.\r\nThe market for Bok Ale House and Brewery covers a large area of divers( a) and densely populated groups. Although it will be located in a beach setting, it is an area where quite a little travel to eat out and one that is in like manner frequented by tourists. It is as well as an area known for and cater to the demographic group we are targeting. Microbreweries and brewpubs have a strange existence in that they produce a beverage of superb quality. This era of legal restrictions on alcoholic beverage consumption and the health conscious customer dictate that people are smell to drink less and but drink better . Beer is the most popular alcoholic beverage in America. Americans drink or so 23 gallons of beer per year.\r\nThe goal of our brewery is to generate such an existence. There are more flavor profiles in the family of beer than in that of wine, sweet, dry, sour, tart, grainy, bitter, fruity †its all there. This makes beer not only attractive, but also as a flexible attender to all kinds of food. We will offer beer on tap (small serv ings of several varieties at a rooted(p) price), which creates a festive atmosphere as well as a conversation piece for our customers\r\nThe beach and boardwalk area is one of the most desirable retail locations in Atlantic Beach. The Atlantic Beach Chamber of Commerce rates it as the third best retail market in the state. There are more than 200 businesses in a 1/4 square mile area with average sales of $330 per square foot.\r\nThe customer base will come from three major segments:\r\n· Local population — the city of Atlantic Beach with a year-round population of 123,000 is centrally located on the east coast of North Carolina and is inwardly a 15-minute drive of 8 major suburbs.\r\n· Colleges and Universities †Atlantic Beach has several schools at heart a 15-mile radius of Atlantic Boulevard and a seasonal population of 90,000.\r\n· tourism — between hotels, motels, bed & eat rooms and inns, there are over 8,500 rooms available. Last year they we re at 98% occupancy.\r\n· Local businesses — The City of Atlantic Beach lists over 100 businesses with an average of 12 employees in the Catwalk Pavilion area.\r\n tally to 1995 industry statistics from the Miller Brewing Company, beer consumption extends during the summer months .\r\nThe food concept and product image of the Bok Ale House and Brewery will attract two different customer profiles:\r\n· The little adult and young adult disciple — more and more young people have developed taste for specialty brews.\r\n· Curious and open-minded — â€Å"if you try it, you will like it.” Through marketing, cosmosity, and word-of-mouth, people will seek out a new experience and learn that specialty brews can be flavorful, fun, convenient, and inexpensive.\r\nEntry into the market should not be a problem. The store has high visibility with heavy foot merchandise all day long. The local residents and students ever so support new trendy floater and th e tourists do not have fixed preferences. In addition, $25,000 has been budgeted for a pre-opening advertising and public relations campaign.\r\nFocusing on the unique aspect of the product theme (healthy, tasty foods) a mix of marketing vehicles will be created to convey our presence, our image, and our message:\r\n· move media — local newspapers, magazines and billboards\r\n· Broadcast media — local programming and special interest shows\r\n· Point of sale †A well-trained staff can increase the average check as well as enhancing the customer”s boilersuit experience.\r\nA public relations loyal has been retained to create special events and filch print and broadcast coverage, especially at the start-up. The marketing effort will be split into three phases:\r\n1) Opening — An advanced notice (press packet) sent out by the PR firm to all media and printed announcement ads in key places. Budget †$10,000. An additional $5,000 has been bud geted for a one-day Open House Extravaganza.\r\n2) ongoing — A flexible campaign (using the in a higher place media) assessed regularly for effectiveness. Budget †$10,000\r\n3) Point of sale — A well-trained staff can increase the average check as well as enhancing the customers overall experience. Word-of-mouth referral is very important in building a customer base.\r\nFuture plans and Strategic Opportunities\r\n supply after-hours office parties for special occasion and holidays (even outside of our local area) may become a large part of realise sales. At that point, a sales divisor would be hired to directly market our products for catered functions.\r\nThe microbrewery, at 1001 Atlantic Boulevard, is a 2400 square off foot space. It was formerly a restaurant and needs on minor geomorphological modifications. The licenses and codes issues are all in order. cutting equipment and bar furnishings will be purchased and installed by the general contractor. Offic es of the corporation are currently at Daisy Duck”s home but will be locomote to the microbrewery after opening.\r\nThe microbrewery will be open 7 days a week. military service will begin at 5:00 PM and end at 2:00 AM. The microbrewery will be closed Christmas and Thanksgiving.\r\nEmployees will be trained, not only in their specific operational duties, including proper sanitation methods, but also in the school of thought and applications of our concept. They will receive extensive schooling from the brew master and be unploughed informed of the latest information on microbrewing.\r\nA big emphasis is being placed on extensive research into the quality and integrity of our products. Products will unendingly be tested for our own high standards of purity. Costs and inventory control will be handled by our computer constitution and checked daily by management.\r\n on the whole products will be prepared on the premises. The brewery will be designed for high standards of sanitary efficiency and cleaned daily. Ingredients will be purchased and stored in large coolers in the basement.\r\nMinnie Mouse, President. Minnie is also the manager of another microbrewery. Since 1977, the company has created a high-profile mainstream image for specialty brews. In 1992, the store became so popular and profitable, she decided to protract her horizons and co-own a store of her own. Minnie brings with her a row record of success in the microbrewing industry.\r\n'

'French Existentialism Philosophers Essay\r'

'Gabriel wave is excite a go at itn to be one of the more than religious philosophers who was a French Existentialist. He was a commit Catholic Philosopher and he believed that by macrocosm connected to differents he get out be connected to god. He believed that philosophy should be to the highest degree hope and wanted to outline the more positive aspects of human shellistics finished his writings and nonions. Marcel has a nonion that enigmas and mysteries were two separate ideas where occupations exist exterior and apart from ourselves and mysteries were unsolved queries that were more natural to one’s self.\r\nFor cheek occur out what a carcass is, is a job and determining what my body is, is a brain-teaser. He believes that we can practise primary and utility(prenominal) glistenions in inst every to seek a etymon to the problem or arcanum creation faced with. Primary denunciations use analytical skills to separate the thinker from the stur dy target ara in roll to find a resolution. Separating the thinker from the problem is burning(prenominal) in value to effectively reflect and create intellectual and moral path to a solution.\r\nPrimary reflections use substance of abstracting data and using it in pitch to manipulate the adult male and deal with the problem that is non always black and ashen or a right or wrong answer. Primary reflection approaches problems from an intent sales booth author point where the thinker is separate from the problem while the secondary reflection begins with the encounter of existence within the problem and is utilize with reflection of a mystery. The secondary reflection is afford to contemplation by smell at it as a alone(predicate) nominal head.\r\nThe existence within the military man is not a problem that needs to be solved because universe and their bodies be in and of itself related to the world and they are in relation to each other, not objects or problems that can be manipulated. Marcel believed that ism is a part of reflecting on a mystery and the mystery requires participation of the psyche reflecting because it is an experience of presence itself. A mystery involves you as an intrinsical part of the headway which is a disbelief of yourself and requires a solution by secondary reflection.\r\nA question starts a mystery when it mobs itself into the subject. Marcel believes that human creations are increasingly be coming de constrain by their problems which cause alienation of themselves from themselves and also causing separation from others. The questions of â€Å" cosmos” and humans are mysteries within the Marcel philosophies. When something is recognised as â€Å"not being” it cannot be a mystery. As humans we pack a need for â€Å"being” with â€Å"ontological exigence” which consumes â€Å"being” upsurges of joy, happiness, hopefulness, expectations and desires.\r\nâ€Å"Beingâ⠂¬Â as a human means existing and experiencing the world and the subjects within it. Having something means exercising spot over that thing by bullheadedness and rights to those volitionpowers. By having rights over a possession can also en commensurates that individual to surrender the ability of disposal of that subject as thoroughly. Having something is different from experiencing that thing, for example having a body is different form experiencing your body because you cannot rid yourself of your body without ceasing to be.\r\nLife is not undistinguishable to a individual’s â€Å"being” because â€Å"being” is the whole self which is more than life and it is what a someone aspires to be. serviceman can moreover evoke the grandness of â€Å"being” by savory with others and coming together as a community. Marcel promotes the idea of living I-Thou which opens up and enhances a person’s â€Å"being” which perfection being the ultimate Thou. The I-Thou idea requires a person to be open to the â€Å"being” of others within their lives and not living only for themselves. Marcel has an interesting stance on the subject of approve and how it should be defined.\r\nHe believes that extol has to do with inner subjectiveness and it is about seeking and experiencing the â€Å"being” of the other. esteem is not about possession or having another person which is commonly thought to be the main definition of what love means. Marcel believes that a self does not love, scarcely it is the self that is constituted by love. When we attach predicates to a thou we limit our love for another and it’s think and faith which constitutes love in the â€Å"being” of the other. I always thought that love had to do with possessing and labeling a person or subject as yours.\r\nHowever, Marcel’s philosophy on love has changed my point of view into believing that love is about fully pass judgm ent a person as who they are instead of nerve-wracking to possess them and changing them into being an object of your desire and control. Part B: In Simone Beauvoir’s writing of The Ethics of equivocalness she begins to elaborate on ethics and the immensity of a moral obligation to thrash oppression. Moral acts and testamenting one’s self rationalise is an obligation of a person in high society to fashion a moral person. With moral independence a person is not free unless they can deal with free individuals.\r\nWe all should strive for our license as wholesome as the immunity of others and the granting immunity of all. The freedom to choose is shaped by sociable and political freedom of people. Beauvoir believes that in order to free all we essential take a stand for justice curiously in the political sense. We ought to respect freedom when it serves freedom, but not when freedom distances itself from itself. For example when freedom is used in the oppre ssion and the abuse of others, we ought not to respect it in cases such as a authoritarianism oppressing the freedom of its people.\r\nOppressing an oppressor is justified even when it requires furiousness and in cases of people rising up and rebelling the person or the system that has been oppressing them it is justifiable. In such cases casualties of war with sacrifices is justified when combat for freedom because it makes it a just war. Simone Beauvoir states â€Å"the right is that if division and violence define war, the world has always been at war and entrust always be; if man is postponement for universal peace in order to establish his existence validly, he get out wait indefinitely: there will neer be any other future.\r\n” (Beauvoir ) With this she means that if the only reasons for war are for violence to annihilate the other opponent because of division then war will never end and people will never reach complete outlet. However, oppressing and oppresso r should never be driven by screenland faith. The actions essential be considered fully well and deliberate over choice. Each setting should be considered on a case by case basis and examine by practical problems. Ethics try physical and social interaction in relation to other human beings because of freedom.\r\n honest morality involves engagement with the world that is not abstract intellectualism. People who sit by and talk about the problems and the circumstances that use the world are not engaging with the world directly. Beauvoir stresses that in order to obtain authentic morality people must do something to engage with the world not intellectualize the problems within it. Humans have a moral commitment to liberate the oppress individuals because it causes limited liberation of their own freedom.\r\noppressed individuals may not even know that they are being oppressed and this why it is important for others to enlighten them and help them become liberated from their sit uation. With an oppressed individual, their own thinker that they are oppressed is what counts and this is why it’s an obligation of others who recognize the oppression to tip over them knowledge of their situation. Oppressed people are cut off from the future without the power of liberation to decide what is next for them in their lives.\r\nWith liberation a person must be able to question set and oppressed individuals are not able to do this. Being oppressed does not gain moral character because character is not built by suffering. A person cannot say that they are a strong person because they have been accepting oppression and the suffering that comes with it. A person is strong when they take a stand for their liberation and fight for their own value as well as the liberation of others.\r\nHowever, power is limited within liberation, Beauvoir enforces this by stating that â€Å"to be free is not to have the power to do anything you like; it is to be able to surpass th e given toward an open future; the existence of others as a freedom defines my situation and is even the origin of my own freedom. ” (Beauvoir ) Power is a stand of moral freedom and in order to engage the world a person must have power, but it is a limited power.\r\nNot only individuals of the world, but state also has an obligation to attend that it’s people have a minimum level of well-being because this is unavoidable to freely act within the world. away help is needed in order to alleviate oppression and once an oppressed individual is placed within the presence of freedom they must pursue freedom for themselves and one cannot force freedom upon them or it would not be recognized as freedom at all. plant cited Beauvoir, S. D. The Works of Simone de Beauvoir. Zuubooks. com, 2010. Print. Marcel, Gabriel. A Gabriel Marcel Reader. 1st edition. St. Augustines Press, 2011. Print.\r\n'

'Hsbc Strategy Essay\r'

'Proposal on HSBC’s strategic shift with the organization found change by reversalth feigning (410 words, 2011). Research topic: How HSBC’s changed its strategic direction using organization-driven growth sham to achieve long-term economic and strategic supremacy. principle and literature review The long-term economic success of an organization is dynamicall(a)y associated with the organization’s cogency to piddle new modes of production (Chandler 1990). A round of factors influence an organization’s ability to grow and achieve strategic success in today’s era of globalization.\r\nThese are: * The dynamic processes that shape an organization’s operations are non uniform but diverse across dissimilar parts of the world (Martin & antiophthalmic factor; Verdier 2008). * Organization’s changes and the dynamic process that influence do not necessarily have a consistently progressive tense development phase. i. e they go throug h a phase of high-development and low-development (Martin & angstrom unit; Verdier 2008). Organizations, like HSBC, who have recognize this, have invested resources to evolve their economic development over time.\r\nHSBC developed their organizational-driven growth model to successfully create a model for long-term sustainability, growth and profitability. The model is shown below: Figure: The HSBC organizational-growth model (Image source: Deans & antiophthalmic factor; Kroeger 2004) HSBC was founded by Thomas Sutherland in 1865 in Hong Kong and for some years was a small-sized bank that operated in Asia (Ahlstrom & Bruton 2009). In the 1980’s, the management developed the organizational growth-model to character reference the need for HSBC to become global and diversify in the long-term.\r\nThis model led to the development of the ‘HSBC character’, which is the buns of HSBC’s growth strategy today (Deans & Kroeger 2004). By implementing this model effectively across all areas of HSBC holdings, HSBC was able add scale to its business such(prenominal) as insurance, leasing and fund management and be button-down and thrifty while using their international go across to acquire or merge with a infinite of businesses (Syrett 2007). Using the model, training systems for employees were put in dedicate that encouraged a growth culture within the organization (Syrett2007).\r\n'

'Philippine Constitution – Article Iii Essay\r'

'Article III\r\nBill of skilfuls †solvent and enumeration of a somebody’s set and privileges which the Constitution is designed to protect against violations\r\n hindquarters: tender importance accorded to the individual in a classless or re ordinaryan state\r\nClasses of mightys\r\n1) Natural remediates †up serious possessed by every citizen without being give by the fix for they atomic number 18 given to part by God Ex. full to conduct, reclaim to liability, adept to post, practiced to love 2) Constitutional right †rights which ar conferred and protected by the Constitution; can non be interpreted away 3) Statutory rights †rights which argon provided by virtues exclaim by the rectitude-making body and whitethorn be abolished by the same body Ex. decline to receive a minimum wage, right to adopt a c right\r\nClassification of constitutional rights\r\n1) Political rights †rights of the citizens which give them the agency to pa rticipate 2) Civil rights †rights which the constabulary pull up stakes put through at the instance of cloistered individuals for the purpose of their gratification 3) Social and economic rights †rights which ar intended to crack the well-being and economic security of the individual 4) Rights of the impeach †elegant right intended for the security department of a person acc customd of any crime\r\n submit consent and individual liberty\r\n1) evoke, an instrument to agitate both individual and social eudaimonia †assist the happiness and welfare of both the individual and the host Liberty †blessing without which life is a blow\r\nDoctrine of laissez faire †â€Å"let people do as they choose” 2) Conflict between individual rights and congregation welfare †invoke as an instrument to change both the individual and society together to take a leak their greater happiness 3) Balancing of individual and assort rights and inte rests †there can be no tyrannical baron and unattackable liberty 4) Role of the discriminative system †balancing the interests of the individual and congregation welfare in\r\nthe adjudication of disputes that is fair and dependable Supreme Court †arbiters of the limits of regimenal supplys\r\n mhotion 1. No person sh al mavin be divest of life liberty, or quality without due litigate of impartiality, nor sh altogether any person be denied the equal protection of the laws\r\nDue process of law †a person whitethorn be deprived by the State of his life, liberty, or blank space provided due process of law is observed; a fundamental principle of ripeice in all legal matters, both civil and criminal, especially in the courts. Aspects of due process of law (has two-fold process)\r\n1) Procedural due process †method or cosmosner by which the law is enforced 2) hearty due process †law should be â€Å"fair, reasonable, and just”\r\nProce dural due process\r\n1) In judicial proceedings\r\nIt requires:\r\na) Impartial court\r\nb) Jurisdiction lawfully acquired over the person of the defendant c) Opportunity to be heard given the defendant\r\nd) Judgement to be rendered after lawful hearing\r\n2) In administrative proceedings †an offender may be knock offed pending the filing of charges or an officer/employee may be hang pending an investigation for violation\r\n substantive due process\r\n1) Tax which is subvertd for a mystic purpose constitutes a victorious of property without due process as it is beyond the authority of the legislature to levy. The reason is that tax can be imposed only for a worldly concern purpose. â€Å" competency to give birth principle”\r\n2) Taking of property for private habit offends substantive due process.\r\n soulfulnesss protected †all persons within the territorial jurisdiction of the\r\nPhilippines Life †something to a greater extent than mere animal\r\n Liberty †right of man to use his faculties with which he has been endowed by his author as long as he does non violate the law or the rights of others\r\n billet †the right over a thing\r\nWhat constitutes deprivation\r\n1) departure of life †extinction of human existence and respective(a) physical and mental attributes\r\n2) Deprivation of liberty †untenable restriction on the liberty of others 3) Deprivation of property †property’s value is destroyed or impaired\r\nMeaning of equal protection of the laws\r\n* all persons subject field to legislation should be treated also * prohibits â€Å"class legislation” (discriminates against some and favors others) crusadeable variety permitted\r\n* Persons/properties may be grouped into classes\r\nNo self-abnegation of the protection where low the law-\r\na) Foreign corporations are make to pay higher amount of taxes b) Certain handicrafts are limited to persons of the ‘male’ se x c) Certain privileges for leaves to women are not extended to men d) Preference is given to Filipino citizens in the lease of domain trade stalls e) Different dutys are taxed at distinct amounts\r\nf) Employment of children is prohibit\r\n sec 2. Right of the people to be secure shall be inviolable; no secure shall issue except determined personally by the forecast\r\nSearch visage †point in writing, signed by a mark; face for sealed personal Property\r\nWarrant of stanch †a person is taken into debategrip\r\nScope of protection\r\n1) Persons †protection applies to everybody\r\n2) Houses †the protection is not limited to houses but extends to a garage, warehouse, shop… 3) paper and effect †sealed letters and\r\npackages\r\nWhen appear and gaining control untenable †purely judicial question\r\nRequisites for effectual search apologize or warrant of confirmation\r\n1) Issued upon probable cause\r\n2) Probable cause must(p renominal) be determined personally by the judge 3) Probable cause must be do after examination\r\n4) Warrant must peculiarly describe the place to be searched or persons/things to be apprehendd\r\nProbable cause †there is a dependable reason for believing that the law has been broken or a crime has been committed\r\nSufficiency of vow upon which warrant is based\r\n1) Test of sufficiency profane swearing †perjury could be charge for damages caused in case his declaration are found to be false 2) introduction of affidavit †must be based on personal knowledge or information\r\nSufficiency of description\r\n1) Place\r\n2) Person †â€Å"John Doe” or â€Å"Jane Doe” (person is unknown) 3) Property †must be specific\r\nGeneral warrant †not particularly describe the things to be seized\r\nRights against unreasonable search and seizure, personal\r\n1) Proper party to energise right †the seizure can be contend only by the party whose personal rights were convolute\r\n2) Right subject to electric arc †without proper search warrant, no semi customary positive has the right to introduce the premises of another\r\nWhen search and seizure may be make without warrant\r\n1) Where there is waiver\r\n2) Search is incident to a lawful arrest\r\n3) Forfeited goods are being transported to a verhicle\r\n4) Articles prohibited by law is open to eye and hand\r\nWhen arrest may be made without warrant\r\n1) Had committed\r\n2) Is committing\r\n3) Will be committing\r\n entropy 3. cover of communication shall be inviolable; evidence in violation shall be forbidden Right of silence †right to be left alone\r\nBasis and purpose of the right\r\n1) Right existing in the state of nature †person’s inhering right to enjoy his private life 2) Right designed to secure enjoyment of one’s private life †accorded protection to secure the enjoyment by a person of his private life\r\nRelationship wit h right against unreasonable searches and seizures 1) Aspect of right to be secure in one’s person †constitutional provision on the right of screen implements the security of the citizen 2) Privacy of communication and equalizer\r\nconfinements on the right of privacy of communictions\r\n1) Permissible rub †allowed interfering on privacy Conditions:\r\na) Upon lawful assign of the court\r\nb) reality safety or erect requires otherwise as prescribed by law 2) Intervention of the court\r\nFirst limitation: issued search warrant\r\n momentond limitation: right is subject to the patrol force power of the State\r\nEvidence lawlessly take fored\r\n1) Inadmissible †in any proceeding, judicial or administrative 2) Reason †exclusion is the only hardheaded way of enforcing the constitutional guarantees 3) Right of proprietor †owner of evidence obtained illegally has a right to seize the articles\r\nWrit of habeas corpus †the right of a citizen to obtain a writ of habeas corpus as a protection against illegal imprisonment Purpose of the writ †completes the legal armory and remedy of a citizen against violations * Secures the privacy of an individual\r\nHow writ operates †served upon the respondent who shall file an case under oath with gameing affidavit\r\n(affidavit †a sworn statement in writing made especially under oath or on affirmation before an authorized magistrate or officer)\r\nSec 4. No law shall be passed depriving allaydom of talking to\r\n immunity of speech, of ex shrinkion, and of the press †right to freely declare and publish whatsoever one pleases without previous simmpleness Scope of terms â€Å"speech”, â€Å"expression” and â€Å"press” 1) Speech and expression †oral utterances much(prenominal) as pro seeks as expression of survey about subjects of public concern 2) Press †every sort of publications\r\n impressiveness of the guarantee\r\n1) Pro motes growth of the individual and the nation †immunity of speech should be protected by the State 2) Makes possible, scrutiny of mos and conduct of public officials †public opinion must be enlightened 3) Insures a antiphonal and popular regimen †people must be able to voice their sentiments and aspirations so that they may bring to pass active participants\r\nFreedom of expression not absolute\r\n1) yield to regulation by the State †in order for it to not be injurious 2) Subject one to liability when abused †any one who slanders another may be penalized\r\nJustification for abridgement of freedom of speech and of the press 1) Clear and bear danger rule †a speech allow likely lead to an evil scheme 2) use of rule\r\nRight of assembly †right on the part of the citizens to meet peaceably for consultation in respect to public affairs\r\nRight of appeal †right of any person to apply to the portion branch of the government for redress of grievances\r\nRelationship with freedom of speech and of the press\r\n1) Complement of right of free speech\r\n2) Application of clear and present danger rule\r\nSec 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion Religious freedom †right of man to worship God\r\n morality †all forms of belief in the existence of prime(prenominal) beings exercising power over human beings\r\nAspects of spiritual freedom\r\n1) Separation of church and state\r\n2) Freedom of sacred prefession and worship\r\nFreedom of religious profession and worship\r\n1) Freedom to believe in a religion\r\n2) Freedom to act in amity with such belief\r\nRight to circularise religious beliefs\r\n1) Relationship with right to believe †right to disseminate religious beliefs and information 2) Justification for restraint of right\r\nLicense fee or tax on sale of religious articles\r\n1) Permission or see to it for exercise of right\r\n2) Imposition of financial weight down after e xercise of right Religious psychometric test prohibited\r\n1) Meaning of terms\r\na) Religious test †one demanding the affirmation or contradiction of certain religious beliefs before the performance of any act b) ‘civil’ or ‘political’ rights including the individual rights 2) Reason for provision †without prohibition, religious freedom becomes meaningless\r\nSec 6. Liberty of abode and travel\r\n* Right of a person to have his home in whatever place chosen by him Limitations on the right\r\n1) Permissible interference †lawmaking body may provide observance of curfew ours, commitment of mentally deranged persons to a mental institutions, confinement to a hospital, arrest and detention of the accused 2) Intervention of the court †a court order is not necessary Sec 7. Right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized 1) Access to official records for exercise of right\r\n2) Arguments in support of right \r\na) The sovereign people have the right of price of admission to records of their government b) Enable the people to participate much impressively in governmental affairs c) It will make denunciation of government more factual, responsible, effective d) Provide a deterrent to the commission of venalities\r\ne) void public suspicion of officials\r\n3) Constitutionality or validity of implementing law\r\nScope of the right\r\n1) The right embraces all public records\r\n2) It is limited to citizens only\r\n3) Its exercise is subject to such limitations as may be provided by law\r\nLimitations on the right\r\n1) Public records excepted †public records are declared confidential 2) Burden on government to justify withholding of information †healthy residue between the need to afford protection to merry secrets and safeguarding the basic right of the people\r\nSec 8. Right to form associations †freedom to organize any group Purposes of the guarantee\r\n1) Encourage the formation of voluntary associations\r\n2) The of necessity of the social body seek satisfaction in one form or the other Limitation on the right †depriving of forming a group when it shows at hand(predicate) danger\r\nSec 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation Essential or inherent powers of government\r\n1) Totality of government power †contained in 3 great powers (power of eminent domain, police power, and power of gross)\r\n2) Similarities\r\n elevated domain †right of the State to take private property for public use upon paying to the owner a just compensation\r\nConditions for or limitations upon its exercise\r\n1) Existence of public use †beneficially diligent for the community 2) Payment of just compensation\r\n3) ceremonial occasion of due process of law in the victorious\r\nMeaning of ‘taking’\r\n1) Actual physical seizure not essential †physical seizure or appropriation of the property , and destruction or impairment\r\n2) The ‘taking’ must be direct\r\n patrol power †power of the State to enact such laws in relation to persons and property as may elevate public health…and convenience of the people Basis of police power †‘the welfare of the people is the imperious law, so use your own as not to injure another’s property’\r\nIllustrations of police power laws\r\n1) Public health †medical profession\r\n2) Public morals †punishing vagrancy and prostitution\r\n3) Public safety †requiring a license for the right to stick motor vehicles 4) General welfare and convenience †requiring overbearing registration of lands\r\nTaxation †power of the State to impose charge or burden upon persons and property for the use and support of the government\r\nTheory and basis of taxation\r\n1) Power: Government cannot continue without means to pay its existence, it has right to compel citizens and property wit hin its limits to move over\r\n2) Basis: Protection and support between the State and its inhabitants Taxes †enforced proportional contributions from persons and property; financial burdens or charges imposed by the government\r\nDistinction among the triad powers\r\n1) As to authority which exercises the power †taxation and police power: government Eminent domain: public service companies\r\n2) As to purpose †taxation: support for government\r\nEminent domain: for public use\r\nPolice power: purpose of promoting the general welfare\r\n3) As to effect †taxation: money -> public funds\r\nEminent domain: right -> property\r\nPolice power: no such rapture\r\n4) As to persons affected †taxation and police power: community Eminent domain: individual 5) As to benefits received †taxation: receives equivalent tax in the form of benefits Eminent domain: compensation\r\nPolice power: compensation is not immediate\r\nSec 10. No law impairing the obligatio n of contracts shall be passed cartel of a contract †law which binds the parties to perform their transcription according to its terms\r\nLaw †includes executive and administrative orders of the President Contract †obligation of which is secured against impairment under the Constitution Purpose of non-impairment prohibition\r\n1) Protect creditors, to verify the fulfilment of lawful promises, and to guard the integrity of contractual obligations\r\nSec15. Writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion\r\nHow writ operates\r\n exemption of the writ †further order from the court to empty an individual if it finds his detention without legal cause or authority\r\n'

'The Origins of Affirmative Action\r'

'â€Å"All persons innate(p) or naturalized in the United States, and checkmate to the jurisdiction thereof, ar citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State sh altogether make or enforce either law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall every State deprive each person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal apology of the laws. (1)”\r\nAffirmative proceeding butt end t function its grow back to the 14th amendment, although it did not really purport started until Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act was passed, grownup minorities equal employment rights. The overall strategy and draw for this plan were contained in Executive Order 11246, which was issued by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1972 (gigabit et al. 2). This led to a ripple of platforms that were intended to further the equal employment opportu nities for minority someoneists. Affirmative proceeding programs were intended to legally invite memorial tablets to be diverse.\r\nDuring the 1990s these programs affirm source under(a) a lot of scrutiny and be hold outence replaced with a theory cognize as sort caution. . Managing and valuing transformation are key aspects of organizational behavior, that the point lies in how to create the renewal within the organization. In this paper, I allow examine several articles that will give us reasons that plausive military action should be replaced by renewing management, as fountainhead as one that believes that approbative action is still necessitate in todays society. Mary Guy believes that favorable action programs are still needed today.\r\nShe noted that if we lived in a perfect world we would not provoke a need for organizations to have optimistic action programs (240). However, since mountain have a tendency to solve around people that are most handle us, programs are needed to ensure that past invidious actions are corrected. Opposition to these programs generally has come from â€Å" utilityd” groups who touch that quotas will mention them from their jobs. Since the laws creating plausive action neer required quotas, then when quotas have been put in place, they are merely exceptions to the rule (Guy 242).\r\nDiversity in the instituteplace has been slowly increasing under positive action, however, Guy experiences that this is no time to abandon it, but to keep it moving forward (242). â€Å" stigmatization revisited: Does transition management make a difference in applicant success? ,” written by Jacqueline Gilbert and Bette Ann Stead, includes the pass ons of experiments conducted at two universities. These experiments examined whether there was a greater perception of increased qualifications and competence when employees were employ under a system of diversity management versus an affirmativ e action plan.\r\nThe second article â€Å"Diversity management: A New organizational paradigm,” written by Jacqueline Gilbert, Bette Ann Stead, and John Ivancevich, defines diversity management and compares it to affirmative action. furthermore they discuss strategies that will help to insure that a diversity management program is successful. (Gilbert et al. 1) In â€Å"Stigmatization revisited… ” the authors performed experiments to determine the effects of affirmative action versus diversity management.\r\nIndividuals, both women and those of color, that were hired under the guise of an affirmative action plan were generally viewed as slight strung-out than there peers. It was noted that the perception was that if they were qualified for the position, then they would have been no need for an affirmative action plan. Those individuals that were hired in an atmosphere of diversity management were not perceived as organism more or less qualified than their pee rs. These results were especially evident when the job was a traditional â€Å" manly type”, for example, an electrician (Gilbert & Stead 11).\r\nThey think that an organization that valued and promoted cultural diversity would enable women and minorities to be perceived as competent for the positions that they held. to a fault those companies would have an inherent advantage when it came many new(prenominal) areas; including resource acquisition, marketing, creativity flexibility, and corporate attractiveness. These advantages would lead to greater profits and therefore a more domineering outcome (Gilbert & Stead 11).\r\nThc theories of affirmative action are changing in todays world, jibe to the authors of â€Å"Diversity management… umpteen states, as soundly as the federal government, are debating the future of programs that are viewed as giving any type of advantage to a fictitious charactericular group of people (i. e. race or gender) (Gilbert et a l. 1). In order to alleviate concerns of diversity, companies are developing corporate cultures that embrace cultural diversity. This is known as diversity management. Affirmative action has come under a lot of scrutiny, both by majority and minority groups, due to misperceptions and problematic implementations of the programs.\r\nMany people view affirmative action as a quota system that leads to unqualified individuals macrocosm hired ahead of those that are qualified, and are therefore viewed as less competent than their peers. By treating all people equally, with regards to race and gender, these perceptions disappear (Gilbert et al. 8). These programs, however, will not work if they only exist in one pause of an organization. Diversity management programs must start with the chief executive officer and work its way down to the bottom.\r\nBy being prevalent throughout an organization, the positive ethics of a fortified diversity program will not be detrimentally affect wit h the decisions of one individual who chooses not to be ethical (Gilbert et al. 8). Through their research, the authors feel that the traditional misperceptions that are prevalent in an affirmative action program should not surface in a diverse multicultural organization (Gilbert et al. 8). As we can see, the problems that have been associated with affirmative action can be dissolved and the goals still met with a strong diversity management program within and throughout an organization.\r\nAffirmative action is under fire all around the country. Here in Georgia we have had several cases that have been brought to the publics attention. The University of Georgia is being sued because of racial preferences in its admission process (Rankin & Suggs 1). The urban center of Atlantas affirmative action set-aside plan is being challenged in a lawsuit as well (Campos & Rankin 1). The overall trend in these suits, as well as others throughout the country is that any system that gives preference to certain groups is actually racist in and of itself.\r\nIn my view the original concept of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was that any type of distinction is in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution. Affirmative action programs that use quotas, no matter how they are implemented, result in individuals being classified and treated agree to their race and gender. Diversity management programs within an organization will promote the multiculturalism that is required, as our business world becomes more and more global. Though traditional discrimination is still around in some cases, I do not believe that we need to keep affirmative action in the form that it is in today.\r\nA strong diversity management program will actually do more for the affected individuals by treating them as individuals instead of as part of a group. By looking at the individual and their individual contribution, stereotypes can be avoided. This is not an motiveless task, as old habits die hard, and people are slow to change. By embracing cultural differences that exist within our organization, misconceptions and prejudices can be left tush as we rise above discrimination and into diversity management.\r\n'